Sitima yofufuzira ikuyenda muENANyanja mwadzidzidzi inayamba kugwedezeka mwamphamvu, liwiro lake likutsika kuchoka pa mafundo 15 kufika pa mafundo 5, ngakhale kuti nyanja inali bata. Ogwira ntchito m'sitimayo anakumana ndi "wosewera wosaoneka" wodabwitsa kwambiri m'nyanja: mafunde amkati.

Kodi mafunde amkati ndi chiyani? Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la "sandwich ya m'madzi a m'nyanja."

Mafunde omwe nthawi zambiri timawaona ndi "mafunde a pamwamba" omwe akuzungulira pamwamba; mafunde amkati, kumbali ina, amabisika mkati mwa kuchulukana kwa mkati mwa nyanja—kuchulukana komwe kumapangidwa ndi zigawo za madzi. Ganizirani za madzi a m'nyanja ngati ogawika kukhala "sangweji": gawo lapamwamba ndi lopepuka (kutentha kwakukulu, mchere wochepa), pomwe gawo lapansi ndi lolemera (kutentha kochepa, mchere wochuluka). Malo olumikizirana pakati pa zigawo ziwirizi ndi kuchulukana. Pamene mafunde a m'nyanja agundana ndi mapiri kapena zilumba za pansi pa madzi, kapena pamene mphepo ikuyambitsa madzi a pamwamba, kuchulukanako kumachita ngati chingwe chodulidwa, kupanga mafunde amkati omwe amakwera ndi kutsika.

Kodi mafunde amkati ali ndi mphamvu bwanji? Mukuda nkhawa ndi zotsatira zake.

Musaganize kuti mafunde amkati sali oopsa chifukwa chakuti abisika kwambiri. Mphamvu zawo zimatha "kusintha" mosavuta zochitika za m'nyanja:

✅ “Msampha Wosaoneka” wa Sitima Zapansi pa Madzi: Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, sitima zapansi pa madzi zomwe zinkalowa m'malo amkati mwa mafunde zinaponyedwa pamwamba ndi mafunde amphamvu, zomwe zinavumbula zolinga zawo. Masiku ano, sitima zapansi pa madzi zimafufuza “mafunde amkati” zisanayambe kuyenda kuti zipewe madera oopsa.

✅ “Kupereka Zakudya” ku Malo Osodza: ​​Mafunde amkati akamakwera, amakoka zakudya (monga phosphates ndi nitrates) kuchokera pansi pa nyanja kupita pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zikhale ndi thanzi. Nsomba zambiri ku South China Sea ya dziko langa zimadalira mafunde amkati kuti “zidyetse” nsomba!

✅ “Mayeso Osaoneka” a Uinjiniya wa Zam'madzi: Zingwe za pansi pamadzi ndi nsanja zobowolera mafuta zitha kuwonongeka ndi mafunde ngati zikumana ndi mafunde amphamvu amkati. Pambuyo pa kutayikira kwa mafuta ku Gulf of Mexico mu 2010, asayansi adayang'anira makamaka momwe mafunde amkati amakhudzira kufalikira kwa kutayikira kwa mafuta.

Kodi "mafunde amkati" angaonekere bwanji?

Kale, ogwira ntchito m'sitima ankadalira "kumverera" kwa mafunde amkati, koma tsopano pali ukadaulo wapamwamba:

● Kuzindikira kutali kwa satellite: Mwa kuyang'anira kusintha pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa pamwamba pa nyanja ndi kutalika kwake, tikhoza "kuzindikira" mafunde amkati omwe ali pansi pa pamwamba (monga momwe zimakhalira kupeza chinthu ndi mthunzi wake);

● Maboo a sitima zapamadzi: Kumiza zida zowunikira pafupi ndi thermocline kuti mulembe kukula ndi liwiro la mafunde amkati nthawi yeniyeni;

● Maloboti apansi pa madzi: Ajambula zithunzi zapamwamba za mafunde amkati omwe akuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi a m'nyanja muENANyanja.

Frankstar ndi katswiri pakuwunika mafunde a nyanja, ndipo amapanga zinthu zambiri.sensa yaukadaulondimayankho a buoy.

Ndi chitukuko cha kuyang'anira zachilengedwe za m'nyanja, uinjiniya wa m'nyanja, ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso za m'nyanja, zida zolondola komanso zodalirika zopezera deta ya mafunde zikukhala zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri. Monga katswiri wopanga masensa a mafunde ndi ma buoy, Frankstar yadzipereka kupanga zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zitha kusintha momwe zinthu zilili m'nyanja, ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mu kafukufuku wasayansi, uinjiniya, mphamvu, ndi zina.

Pitani ku tsamba lathu latsamba lawebusayitikuti mudziwe zambiri za malonda, maphunziro a milandu, ndi mapepala oyera aukadaulo.