He moku noiʻi e holo ana maKEKAHIUa hoʻomaka koke ke kai e haʻalulu ikaika, a ua hāʻule kona wikiwiki mai 15 knots a i 5 knots, ʻoiai ua mālie ke kai. Ua hālāwai ka poʻe holo moku me ka "mea pāʻani ʻike ʻole ʻia" pohihihi loa o ke kai: nā nalu o loko.

He aha nā nalu kūloko? ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo kākou i ka "sandwich wai kai."

ʻO nā nalu a mākou e ʻike mau ai he "nā nalu o luna" e lele ana ma luna o ka ʻili; ʻo nā nalu o loko, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hūnā ʻia i loko o nā mānoanoa o loko o ke kai—nā mānoanoa i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā papa wai. E noʻonoʻo i ka wai kai e like me ka māhele ʻia ʻana i loko o kahi "sandwich": he māmā ka papa o luna (ʻoi aku ka mahana, haʻahaʻa ka paʻakai), ʻoiai ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka papa o lalo (haʻahaʻa ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakai). ʻO ka hui ʻana ma waena o nā papa ʻelua ʻo ia nā mānoanoa. Ke kuʻi nā au o ke kai me nā mauna a i ʻole nā ​​​​mokupuni o lalo o ka wai, a i ʻole ke hoʻoulu nā makani i nā wai o luna, hana nā mānoanoa e like me ke kaula i huki ʻia, e hoʻoulu ana i nā nalu o loko e piʻi a hāʻule.

Pehea ka ikaika o nā nalu kūloko? Ke hopohopo nei ʻoe no kēia mau hopena.

Mai manaʻo ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli nā nalu kūloko no ka mea ua hūnā ʻia lākou i ka hohonu. Hiki i ko lākou ikehu ke "hoʻopunipuni" maʻalahi i nā hana kai:

✅ "Pahele ʻIke ʻole ʻia" no nā moku luʻu: I ke Kaua Honua II, ua kiola ʻia nā moku luʻu i komo i nā wahi nalu kūloko i luna o ka ʻili e nā au haunaele, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou mau pahuhopu. I kēia lā, nānā nā moku luʻu i nā "wānana nalu kūloko" ma mua o ka holo ʻana e pale aku i nā wahi weliweli.

✅ "Hoʻouna Meaʻai" no nā Kahua Lawaiʻa: Ke piʻi aʻe nā nalu kūloko, huki lākou i nā meaʻai (e like me nā phosphates a me nā nitrates) mai ka papa kai a i luna, e hānai ana i ka plankton. He nui nā lawaiʻa ma ke Kai Kina Hema o koʻu ʻāina e hilinaʻi nei i nā nalu kūloko e "hānai" i ka iʻa!

✅ "Hoʻāʻo ʻIke ʻole ʻia" no ka ʻenekinia moana: Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā kaula wai o lalo o ka moana a me nā kahua ʻeli ʻaila e nā au inā hālāwai lākou me nā nalu ikaika o loko. Ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻaila o ke Kai Kūʻono o Mekiko i ka makahiki 2010, ua nānā pono nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hopena o nā nalu o loko i ka laha ʻana o nā kahe ʻaila.

Pehea e hiki ai ke nānā ʻia nā "nalu kūloko"?

I ka wā ma mua, ua hilinaʻi nā lālā o ka poʻe hana i ka "manaʻo" no nā nalu o loko, akā i kēia manawa ua loaʻa nā ʻenehana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe:

● ʻIke mamao ukali: Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā loli liʻiliʻi o ka mahana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻilikai, hiki iā mākou ke "manaʻo" i nā nalu kūloko ma lalo o ka ʻili (e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea ma o kona aka);

● Nā buoys luʻu wai: E hoʻoluʻu i nā lako nānā kokoke i ka thermocline e hoʻopaʻa i ka amplitude a me ka wikiwiki o nā nalu kūloko i ka manawa maoli;

● Nā lopako wai: Ua hopu lākou i nā kiʻi wehewehe kiʻekiʻe o nā nalu kūloko e hoʻokele ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai kai i lokoKEKAHIKai.

He loea ʻo Frankstar i ka nānā ʻana i nā nalu o ke kai, e hana anasensor ʻoihanaa menā hoʻonā buoy.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni kai, ka ʻenekinia moana, a me ka ikehu moana hou, ke lilo nei nā lako hana ʻikepili nalu pololei a hilinaʻi hoʻi i mea koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomohala loea o nā mea ʻike nalu a me nā buoys, ua kūpaʻa ʻo Frankstar i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hana kiʻekiʻe, maʻalahi e hoʻolaha e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana kai paʻakikī, a paipai ikaika i kā lākou noi ma ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻenekinia, ikehu, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

E kipa mai i kā mākoupūnaeweleno ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka huahana, nā haʻawina hihia, a me nā pepa keʻokeʻo loea.