Chikamu Chekushandisa: Kusvibiswa kwepeturu mumarara emugungwa
Tsananguro yeChigadzirwa:Mushonga wehutachiona uyu wakagadzirwa uchishandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzebhakitiriya dzemuno dzakatorwa kubva munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nemafuta muPacific Ocean. Utachiona uhwu hunonamirwa pamuchina wekutakura zvinhu uye hunovharwa nemushonga unogadzira firimu kuti hugadzire hutachiona. Utachiona hwese hwakaongororwa kuti husapararire sei. Mushonga uyu wakashandiswa zvinobudirira kugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwepeturu mumatope panzvimbo yegungwa yakakanganiswa nemafuta.
Nyaya Yekushandisa: Chirongwa chekuratidzira chekugadzirisa marara mumvura dzeveruzhinji munzvimbo iyi
Chirongwa chekuratidzira kugadziriswa kwejecha munzvimbo iyi chakaitwa munzvimbo inosvika 670,000 km² yemvura yemugungwa yakakanganiswa nekudururwa kwemafuta. Matani anopfuura 360 ehutachiona akaendeswa, zvichiteverwa nekutarisa mushure mekugadzirisa. Kuwanda kwemafuta epeturu panzvimbo dzekutarisa dzakatenderedza nzvimbo yekudururwa kwemafuta kwakaderera zvakanyanya, nemazinga ekuora achisvika kusvika 90%.
（1）Nzvimbo Yekugadzirisa
Nzvimbo yekugadzirisa ivhu iri pakati pegungwa, pakadzika kwemvura inosvika mamita makumi maviri nemasere. Kumhanya kwemvura iri pedyo nepasi pegungwa kunosvika maknots maviri. Ivhu riri pasi pegungwa rinonyanya kuve nevhu revhu. Mapuratifomu egungwa nemapaipi epasi pegungwa ari pedyo nenzvimbo yekugadzirisa ivhu.
（2）Kugadzirwa kweMishonga Inoparadza Mafuta Yakachengeteka Uye Inoshanda Zvikuru
Kugadzirwa kwehutachiona kunonyanya kukosha kune hutachiona hwemuno hune njodzi shoma kune zvakatipoteredza. Mhando dzemuno dzinobviswa uye dzakaongororwa kubva mumarara munzvimbo dzegungwa dzakakanganiswa nemafuta dzinogona kudzivirira kupinda kwemhando dzisiri dzemuno uye kuderedza shanduko pachimiro chezvakatipoteredza uye mashandiro enzvimbo yekugadzirisa.
Muongororo dzemurabhoritari, mhando dzemafuta dzakakwanisa kuderedza peturu neanopfuura 80% mukati memazuva manomwe dzakasarudzwa. Izvi zvaisanganisira Bacillus subtilis (strain ID: Bs), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain ID: Ba), Bacillus safensis (strain ID: Bb), Bacillus cereus (strain ID: KF8), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (strain ID: T32), Pseudomonas putida (strain ID: SP1), Acinetobacter sp. (strain IDs: HC8-3 naLKG-A), Oceanimonos baumannii (strain ID: N6), uye Bacillus pumilus (strain ID: BPL-1), pakati pezvimwe.
Tichifunga nezvekudyidzana kuripo pakati pemabhakitiriya, mhando dzakasiyana dzemarudzi dzakaongororwa kuti dzione musanganiswa une simba guru rekuparadza peturu. Miedzo yekurabhoritari neyakaitwa kuti ione kushanda kwekuparadzwa kwemafuta eboka remabhakitiriya rakasarudzwa. Kuchengetedzeka kwemarudzi aya kwakaongororwawo, kusanganisira bvunzo dzechepfu mumbeva uye bvunzo dzechepfu muzvisikwa zvemugungwa.
（3）Kuviriswa Kwetsika dzeMicrobial uye Kugadziriswa kweMicrobial Agent
Maitiro ekuvirisa mabhakitiriya akaongororwa, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwenzvimbo yekurimisa, pH, tembiricha yekuvirisa, aeration uye agitation mufermenter, huwandu uye mamiriro ekurima panguva yekufambisa pakati pematangi ekuvirisa, nguva yekuvirisa, uye kuona matanho akakosha ekuvirisa. Maitiro ekuvirisa ane matanho matatu akaitwa pakurima mabhakitiriya.
Munzvimbo yekuchenesa yakafukidzwa nechirongwa ichi, avhareji yemvura yakadzika inosvika 25–30 m. Dai hutachiona hwakakura hwakaendeswa zvakananga pasi pegungwa, chikamu chidiki chete chehutachiona hwakakura hunosvika pasi pevhu. Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona hunoshanda zvakanyanya hunosvika pasi pevhu, hutachiona hwakakura hunofanira kugadziriswa zvakanyanya.
Nzira dzekugadzirisa dzinosanganisira kunyudzwa kwemuchina, kuunganidzirwa, uye kuvharwa kwemasero. Nzira idzi dzinogona kuderedza kupararira nekurasikirwa kwehutachiona panguva yekushandiswa ukuwo dzichideredzawo kukanganiswa kwehutachiona hwakaunzwa munzvimbo dzisina kusvibiswa dzegungwa.
(4) Kushandiswa kweMicrobial Agent
Mutengo wakakwira wekushanda kunze kwenyika uye mukana mudiki wekutadza zvinounza matambudziko makuru mukutsvagisa, kushandiswa, uye kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji dzekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemafuta emugungwa.
Usati waisa mishonga iyi, bvunzo dzakakwana dzekuenzanisa kushandiswa kwayo dzinofanira kuitwa, kusanganisira kuenzanisa nhamba uye kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwayo murabhoritari. Zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekuenzanisa, saizi yakakodzera yekurongedza nenzvimbo yekubatanidza kushandiswa kwayo zvinogona kutsanangurwa, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye kugona kwekushanda mugungwa.
Kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mabhakitiriya anoshandiswa zvakanaka uye kuti peturu igadziriswe zvakanaka, maitiro ese—kusanganisira mashandiro ekuisa mishonga, huwandu hwemabhakitiriya anoshandiswa, uye mashandiro ekugadzirisa—anogona kutariswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekuona kure mudenga, kuongorora mavhidhiyo pamusoro pemvura, uye kutarisa pasi pemvura. Matanho aya ekutarisa anobatsira kuona kuti chirongwa ichi chinoshanda zvakanaka ukuwo achipa mareferensi ehunyanzvi uye nzira dzekushandisa mapurojekiti emangwana akafanana.
Mabasa ekunze kwenyika
Midziyo Yekutarisa Pasi Pemvura Yakagadzirwa Yakazvimiririra
（5）Kuongororwa Kwekubudirira Kwekugadzirisa
Kuongororwa kwekushanda kwemishonga kwakabatanidza ongororo yekutanga imwe chete isati yaitwa mishonga yehutachiona uye ongororo mbiri dzekutevera mushure mekuitwa kwemishonga.
Zviyero zvikuru zvekutarisa zvaisanganisira zviratidzo zvemhando yepamusoro yemvura (DO, phosphate, phosphorus yakazara, nitrogen isina organic, nitrogen yakazara, nezvimwewo); kuwanda kwemafuta mumvura yepamusoro uye sediments; kuwanda kwemabhakitiriya mumvura uye sediments; kuwanda kwemarudzi anoora petroleum asati agadziriswa uye mushure mekugadzirisa; uye shanduko mukusiyana-siyana kwehutachiona uye kuwanda kwemasero emumvura asati agadziriswa uye mushure mekugadzirisa.
Mushure mekugadziriswa, huwandu hwemafuta hwakaderera kubva pa1,260 × 10⁻⁶ kusvika pa210 × 10⁻⁶ muongororo yekutanga yekutevera yakaitwa mazuva makumi manomwe mushure mekuiswa. Muongororo yechipiri yekutevera, yakaitwa mazuva mazana maviri negumi mushure mekuiswa, huwandu hwemafuta hwakaderera zvakanyanya kusvika pa155 × 10⁻⁶. Pazviteshi zvekutarisa zviri pedyo nenzvimbo yekudururwa kwemafuta, avhareji yehuwandu hwemafuta hwakaderera hwaive 56.34% mushure memazuva makumi manomwe uye 70.14% mushure memazuva mazana maviri negumi.
Maumbirwo enharaunda yezvisikwa zvemacrobenthic nemeiobenthic haana kuratidza mutsauko mukuru usati wagadziriswa uye mushure mekugadziriswa. Mushure mekugadziriswa, biomass yebenthic, kusiyana, uye kuwanda kwakawedzera zvishoma, uye nharaunda dzezvipenyu panzvimbo dzakagadziriswa dzakaratidza kufanana kukuru nedziri munzvimbo dzisina kusvibiswa dzegungwa.
Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kwakabatsira kugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwepeturu mumarara munzvimbo yegungwa iri pakati pe [Location]. Kwakagadzirisawo matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa mukushandura zvakawanikwa pakutsvagisa kwesainzi uye matekinoroji kuita mashandisirwo einjiniya anoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira itsva dzakaongororwa mukugadzira nekushandisa michina yekuenzanisa murabhoritari yekushanda kunze kwenyika.
Kuti vatsigire kuiswa kwehutachiona mumvura yegungwa uye kuteverwa kwekutarisa, michina yekutarisa pamusoro nepasi pemvura yakagadzirwa yakazvimiririra uye yakashandiswa. Munguva yekushanda kwekunze kwenyika, timu yepurojekiti yakaongororawo zvipingamupinyi zviripo zvemidziyo yekutarisa uye yakatsvaga mhinduro dzinogoneka dzekugadzirisa.
Mushure mekuitwa kweprojekti, kuwanda kwemafuta mumadhaka munzvimbo yakatarwa kwakaderera zvakanyanya, pamwe nekudzoreredzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Chirongwa ichi chinoratidza kubudirira kwekugadziriswazve kwezvakatipoteredza mugungwa, zvichipa mabhenefiti makuru munharaunda uye zvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-12-2026