Ububanzi Besicelo: Ukungcoliswa kwephethiloli ezidakeni zasolwandle
Incazelo Yomkhiqizo:I-ejenti yamagciwane yakhiwe kusetshenziswa iqoqo lezinhlobo zamagciwane endabuko ezihlukaniswe ezindaweni ezithintekile ukuchitheka kwamafutha e-Pacific Ocean. Ama-microorganisms afakwa emshinini wokuthwala futhi ahlanganiswe ne-ejenti eyakha ifilimu ukuze akhiqize ukulungiswa kwamagciwane. Zonke izinhlobo ziye zahlolwa ngokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo. I-ejenti yamagciwane isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukulungisa ukungcola kukaphethiloli ezidakeni endaweni yasolwandle ethintekile ukuchitheka kwamafutha.
Icala Lokufaka Isicelo: Iphrojekthi Yokubonisa Ukulungiswa Kwamagciwane Angaphakathi Kwendawo Kwezinsalela Emanzini Omphakathi
Iphrojekthi yokubonisa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi endaweni ethile yenziwa cishe ku-670,000 km² wamanzi olwandle athintwe ukuchitheka kukawoyela. Kwafakwa amathani angaphezu kwama-metric angu-360 e-microbial agent, kwalandela ukuqapha ngemva kokulungiswa. Ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrocarbon kaphethiloli eziteshini zokuqapha ezizungeze ipulatifomu yokuchitheka kukawoyela kwehle kakhulu, kanti amazinga okuwohloka afinyelela ku-90%.
（1）Indawo Yokulungisa
Indawo yokulungisa inhlabathi itholakala esifundeni sasolwandle esimaphakathi, ekujuleni kwamanzi okungaba amamitha angu-28. Isivinini samandla aseduze naphansi singamafindo ama-2. Inhlabathi engaphansi kolwandle ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngodaka oluyibumba. Amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle kanye namapayipi angaphansi kolwandle atholakala eduze kwendawo yokulungisa.
（2）Ukuthuthukiswa Kwama-Microbial Ejenti Aphephile Nasebenza Kakhulu Awohloza Uphethiloli
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-microbial agents kubeka phambili izinhlobo zamagciwane endawo ezinengozi ephansi yemvelo. Izinhlobo zemvelo ezihlukanisiwe futhi zihlolwe ezidakeni ezindaweni zasolwandle ezithinteke ngokuchitheka kukawoyela zingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlasela kwezinhlobo ezingezona ezomdabu futhi zinciphise izinguquko esakhiweni semvelo kanye nemisebenzi yendawo yokulungisa.
Ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri, izinhlobo ezifinyelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuchithwa kwephethiloli okungaphezu kuka-80% zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 zakhethwa. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa i-Bacillus subtilis (i-ID yohlobo: Bs), i-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (i-ID yohlobo: Ba), i-Bacillus safensis (i-ID yohlobo: Bb), i-Bacillus cereus (i-ID yohlobo: KF8), i-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (i-ID yohlobo: T32), i-Pseudomonas putida (i-ID yohlobo: SP1), i-Acinetobacter sp. (ama-ID ohlobo: HC8-3 kanye ne-LKG-A), i-Oceanimonas baumannii (i-ID yohlobo: N6), kanye ne-Bacillus pumilus (i-ID yohlobo: BPL-1), phakathi kwezinye.
Uma kucatshangelwa ngokugcwele ukusebenzisana okusebenzisanayo phakathi kwemiphakathi yamagciwane, kwahlolwa inhlanganisela ehlukene yezinhlobo ukuze kutholakale inhlanganisela esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuwohlokeni kwe-petroleum. Kwabe sekwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwesikali selabhorethri kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlola ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kokonakala kwe-petroleum kweqembu lamagciwane elikhethiwe. Ukuphepha kwezinhlobo nakho kwahlolwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kobuthi obukhulu emagundwini kanye nokuhlolwa kobuthi obukhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle.
（3）Ukuvutshelwa Kwesiko Lama-Microbial kanye Nokucubungula Ama-Microbial Ejenti
Inqubo yokubilisa ama-microbial ihlolwe, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokukhulisa, i-pH, izinga lokushisa lokubilisa, umoya kanye nokushukuma ku-fermenter, ukuhlushwa kanye nesimo se-culture ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa phakathi kwamatangi okubilisa, isikhathi sokubilisa, kanye nokunqunywa kwezigaba ezibalulekile zokubilisa. Inqubo yokubilisa enezigaba ezintathu yenziwa ngenxa ye-microbial culture.
Endaweni yokulungisa embozwe yile phrojekthi, ukujula kwamanzi okujwayelekile kungaba ngamamitha angama-25–30. Uma ukukhuliswa kwamagciwane kuhanjiswa ngqo olwandle, ingxenye encane kuphela yamagciwane okulungisa angafika odakeni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezibulala uphethiloli ezisebenza kahle kakhulu lifika odakeni olungaphansi kolwandle, ukukhuliswa kwamagciwane okubilisiwe kumele kuqhutshekwe nokucutshungulwa.
Izindlela zokucubungula zifaka phakathi ukumuncwa kwe-carrier, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokufakwa kwe-capsulation. Lezi zindlela zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusabalala kanye nokulahlekelwa ama-microbial agents ngesikhathi sokufakwa ngenkathi futhi zinciphisa umthelela wezinhlobo zamagciwane ezethulwe ezindaweni zasolwandle ezingangcolisiwe.
(4) Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Microbial Agent
Izindleko eziphakeme zokusebenza ogwini lolwandle kanye nomkhawulo olinganiselwe wamaphutha kudala izinselele ezinkulu ocwaningweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokulungisa ukungcola okuchithekile ngamafutha olwandle.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ama-microbial agents, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokulingisa ukuthunyelwa, okuhlanganisa ukulingisa ngezinombolo kanye nokulingisa ukuthunyelwa kwelebhu. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulingisa, usayizi wokupakisha ofanele kanye nendawo yokumboza ukuthunyelwa kunganqunywa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukuphepha kanye nokwenzeka kwemisebenzi yasogwini.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwama-microbial agent okuphumelelayo kanye nokulungiswa kwe-petroleum okuphumelelayo, yonke inqubo—kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yokuthunyelwa, inani lama-microbial agents asetshenziswayo, kanye nokusebenza kokulungiswa—kungaqashwa ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuzwa kude emoyeni, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo ezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuqapha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lezi zinyathelo zokuqapha zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okubushelelezi kwephrojekthi ngenkathi zihlinzeka ngezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile kanye nezindlela zamaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo afanayo.
Imisebenzi Yasogwini Lolwandle
Imishini Yokuqapha Ngaphansi Kwamanzi Ethuthukiswe Ngokuzimela
(5) Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kokulungisa
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kahle kokulungisa kwakuhlanganisa inhlolovo eyodwa eyisisekelo ngaphambi kokufakwa kwama-microbial agent kanye nezinhlolovo ezimbili zokuqapha ngemuva kokufakwa.
Amapharamitha amakhulu okuqapha afaka phakathi izinkomba zekhwalithi yamanzi ezivamile (i-DO, i-phosphate, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen engakhiqizi izinto eziphilayo, i-nitrogen iyonke, njll.); ukugcwala kukaphethiloli emanzini angaphezulu nasezindaweni ezingenalutho; inani lamabhaktheriya aphelele emanzini nasezindaweni ezingenalutho; ubuningi bezinhlobo eziwohloka ngophethiloli ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiswa; kanye nezinguquko ekuhlukeni komphakathi wamagciwane kanye nobuningi ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiswa.
Ngemva kokulungiswa, ukugcwala kukaphethiloli kwehle kusuka enanini eliyisisekelo lika-1,260 × 10⁻⁶ kuya ku-210 × 10⁻⁶ ocwaningweni lokuqala lokulandelela olwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa. Ocwaningweni lwesibili lokulandelela, olwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingama-210 ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, ukugcwala kukaphethiloli kwehle kakhulu kwaya ku-155 × 10⁻⁶. Eziteshini zokuqapha eduze kwepulatifomu yokuchitheka kukaphethiloli, isilinganiso sezinga lokuwohloka kukaphethiloli sasingu-56.34% ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70 kanye no-70.14% ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-210.
Isakhiwo somphakathi wezinto eziphilayo ze-macrobenthic kanye ne-meiobenthic asibonisanga mehluko omkhulu ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiswa. Ngemva kokulungiswa, i-biomass ye-benthic, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nobuningi banda kancane, kanti imiphakathi yezinto eziphilayo eziteshini ezilungisiwe yabonisa ukufana okukhulu naleyo esezindaweni zasolwandle ezingangcolisiwe.
Ukuqaliswa kwalo msebenzi kusize ekubhekaneni nokungcoliswa kukaphethiloli ezindaweni ezimanzi esifundeni sasolwandle esiphakathi nendawo [sendawo]. Kuphinde kwabhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ezihilelekile ekuhumusheni okutholakele kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe kube yizicelo zobunjiniyela ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwahlolwa izindlela ezintsha ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemishini yokulingisa yelabhorethri yemisebenzi yasolwandle.
Ukuze kusekelwe ukuthunyelwa kwama-microbial agent emanzini olwandle kanye nokuqapha okulandelayo, kwaklanywa futhi kwasetshenziswa imishini yokuqapha engaphezulu nangaphansi kwamanzi ngokuzimela. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ogwini lolwandle, ithimba lephrojekthi liphinde lahlola imikhawulo ekhona yemishini yokuqapha futhi lahlola izixazululo ezingenzeka zokubhekana nayo.
Ngemva kokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, ukugcwala kukaphethiloli ezidakeni endaweni eqokiwe kwehle kakhulu, kuhambisana nokuvuselelwa kwezinga elithile kwemvelo. Le phrojekthi imele ukubonakaliswa okuphumelelayo kokuvuselelwa kwemvelo yasolwandle, okuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezenhlalo nakwezemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-12-2026