Ububanzi besicelo: Ungcoliseko lwe-petroleum kwi-sediment yaselwandle
Ingcaciso yeMveliso:I-arhente yeentsholongwane yenziwe kusetyenziswa iqela leentlobo zeentsholongwane zemveli ezithathwe kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo yioyile kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Ezi ntsholongwane zifunxwa kwi-carrier kwaye zigqunywe nge-arhente eyenza ifilimu ukuvelisa ukulungiswa kwe-microbial. Zonke iintlobo ziye zavavanywa ngokhuseleko lwe-biosafety. I-arhente yeentsholongwane isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ukulungisa ungcoliseko lwepetroleum kwi-sediment kwindawo yolwandle echaphazelekileyo yioyile.
Ityala lesicelo: Iprojekthi yoMboniso yoKulungiswa kweeNgcali ezikwiNdawo eZingqongileyo zeDrake kuManzi kawonke-wonke
Iprojekthi yokubonisa ukulungiswa kwenkunkuma kwindawo ethile yenziwe kumanzi olwandle angama-670,000 km² achaphazelekileyo kukuchitheka kweoyile. Kwafakwa ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-360 zee-microbial agent, kwalandela ukubekwa esweni emva kokulungiswa kwayo. Ubuninzi be-hydrocarbon yepetroliyam kwizikhululo zokubeka esweni ezijikeleze iqonga lokuchitheka kweoyile buyehla kakhulu, kwaye amazinga okuwohloka afikelela kwi-90%.
（1）Indawo yoLungiso
Indawo yokulungisa intlenga ikwindawo yolwandle ephakathi, kubunzulu bamanzi obumalunga ne-28 m. Isantya somsinga okufutshane nezantsi simalunga ne-2 knots. Intlenga engaphantsi kolwandle iqulathe ikakhulu intlenga yodaka. Amaqonga aselunxwemeni kunye nemibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle ikwindawo yokulungisa intlenga.
（2）Uphuhliso lwee-Microbial Agents eziKhuselekileyo neziSebenza kakuhle kwiPetroleum
Uphuhliso lwee-microbial agents lubeka phambili iintlobo ze-microbial zemveli ezinomngcipheko omncinci kwindalo esingqongileyo. Iintlobo zemveli ezikhutshiweyo nezihluzwe kwi-sandstones kwiindawo zaselwandle ezichaphazeleke kukuchitheka kweoyile zinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuhlasela kweentlobo ze-non-landscape kwaye zinciphise utshintsho kwisakhiwo sendalo kunye nemisebenzi yendawo yokulungisa.
Kwiimvavanyo zelebhu, iintlobo ze-strain ezifikelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokuchithwa kwe-petroleum okungaphezulu kwe-80% kwiintsuku ezisi-7 zikhethiwe. Ezi ziquka iBacillus subtilis (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: Bs), iBacillus amyloliquefaciens (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: Ba), iBacillus safensis (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: Bb), iBacillus cereus (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: KF8), iAcinetobacter calcoaceticus (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: T32), iPseudomonas putida (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: SP1), iAcinetobacter sp. (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: HC8-3 kunye ne-LKG-A), iOceanimonas baumannii (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: N6), kunye neBacillus pumilus (uhlobo lwe-strain ID: BPL-1), phakathi kwezinye.
Ukuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisana okusebenzisanayo phakathi kweendawo ezihlala iintsholongwane, iindibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zavavanywa ukuze kuchongwe indibaniselwano enokusebenza kakuhle kokubola kwepetroliyam. Uvavanyo lwelebhu kunye novavanyo lwenqanaba lovavanyo lwenziwe ukuze kuchongwe ukusebenza kokubola kwepetroliyam kweqela leentsholongwane ezikhethiweyo. Ukhuseleko lweentlobo zamagciwane nalo luvavanyiwe, kuquka uvavanyo lwetyhefu olukhawulezileyo kwiimpuku kunye novavanyo lwetyhefu olukhawulezileyo kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
（3）Ukuvundiswa kweNkcubeko yeeMicrobial kunye nokuQhutywa kweeArhente zeeMicrobial
Inkqubo yokubilisa iintsholongwane iphandwe, kuquka ukwakheka kwendawo yokukhulisa izityalo, i-pH, ubushushu bokubilisa, umoya kunye nokushukuma kwi-fermenter, uxinaniso kunye nemeko yenkcubeko ngexesha lokudluliselwa phakathi kweetanki zokubilisa, ixesha lokubilisa, kunye nokugqitywa kwezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokubilisa. Inkqubo yokubilisa iintsholongwane yenziwe ngezigaba ezintathu.
Kwindawo yokulungisa egutyungelwe yile projekthi, ubunzulu bamanzi obuqhelekileyo bumalunga ne-25–30 m. Ukuba inkcubeko yeentsholongwane ibithunyelwa ngqo elwandle, lincinci kuphela inani leentsholongwane ezilungisayo eziya kufikelela kwintsalela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani elikhulu leentlobo ze-petroleum-degrading ezisebenzayo zifikelela kwintsalela engaphantsi kolwandle, inkcubeko yeentsholongwane ezivundisiweyo kufuneka iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa.
Iindlela zokucubungula ziquka ukufunxwa kwe-carrier, ukuhlanganiswa, kunye nokufakwa kwe-encapsulation. Ezi ndlela zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukusasazeka kunye nokulahleka kwee-arhente ze-microbial ngexesha lokufakwa ngelixa zinciphisa impembelelo yeentlobo ze-microbial ezifakiweyo kwiindawo zaselwandle ezingangcoliswanga.
(4) Ukusasazwa kweearhente zeMicrobial
Iindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza elwandle kunye nomda olinganiselweyo weempazamo zibangela imingeni ebalulekileyo kuphando, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulungisa ungcoliseko lokuchitheka kweoyile yaselwandle.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ii-arhente ze-microbial, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokulinganisa ukuthunyelwa, kuquka ukulinganisa ngamanani kunye nokulinganisa ukuthunyelwa kwelebhu. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokulinganisa, ubungakanani bokupakisha obufanelekileyo kunye nendawo yokugubungela ukuthunyelwa inokumiselwa, ngaloo ndlela kwandiswa ukhuseleko kunye nokwenzeka kwemisebenzi yolwandle.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa kwee-arhente zeentsholongwane ngempumelelo kunye nokulungiswa kwepetroleum ngempumelelo, yonke inkqubo—kuquka imisebenzi yokusasazwa, ubungakanani bee-arhente zeentsholongwane ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokusebenza kokulungisa—inokuhlolwa ngeendlela ezininzi, ezifana nokubona kude emoyeni, ukujonga ividiyo kwinqanaba lomhlaba, kunye nokujonga phantsi kwamanzi. La manyathelo okubeka esweni anceda ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kakuhle kweprojekthi ngelixa ebonelela ngeereferensi zobugcisa ezixabisekileyo kunye neendlela zeprojekthi zexesha elizayo zohlobo olufanayo.
Imisebenzi Yaselwandle
Izixhobo Zokujonga Phantsi Kwamanzi Eziphuhliswe Ngokuzimela
（5）Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kokulungisa
Uvavanyo lokusebenza kakuhle kokulungisa luquke uphando olusisiseko olunye ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwee-microbial agents kunye nophando olulandelelanayo oluphindwe kabini lokujonga emva kokusetyenziswa.
Iiparameter eziphambili zokubeka esweni zaziquka izalathisi zomgangatho wamanzi eziqhelekileyo (DO, i-phosphate, i-phosphorus iyonke, i-nitrogen engaphiliyo, i-nitrogen iyonke, njl.njl.); ukuxinana kwe-petroleum emanzini angaphezulu kunye neentsalela; inani elipheleleyo leebhaktheriya emanzini kunye neentsalela; ubuninzi beentlobo ze-petroleum eziwohlokayo ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa; kunye notshintsho kuluntu lweentsholongwane kunye nobuninzi ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa.
Emva kokulungiswa, ubuninzi bepetroliyam buyehla ukusuka kwixabiso elisisiseko le-1,260 × 10⁻⁶ ukuya kwi-210 × 10⁻⁶ kuphando lokuqala lokulandelela olwenziwe kwiintsuku ezingama-70 emva kokusetyenziswa. Kuphando lwesibini lokulandelela, olwenziwe kwiintsuku ezingama-210 emva kokusetyenziswa, ubuninzi bepetroliyam buyehla ngakumbi ukuya kwi-155 × 10⁻⁶. Kwizikhululo zokujonga kufutshane neqonga lokuchitheka kweoyile, izinga eliqhelekileyo lokuwohloka kwepetroliyam yayiyi-56.34% emva kweentsuku ezingama-70 kunye ne-70.14% emva kweentsuku ezingama-210.
Ulwakhiwo loluntu lwezinto eziphilayo ze-macrobenthic kunye ne-meiobenthic alubonisanga mahluko mkhulu ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa. Emva kokulungiswa, i-benthic biomass, ulwahluko, kunye nobuninzi banda kancinci, kwaye uluntu lwezinto eziphilayo kwizikhululo ezilungisiweyo lwabonisa ukufana okukhulu nolo lukwiindawo zaselwandle ezingangcoliswanga.
Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi kuncede ekusombululeni ungcoliseko lwepetroleum kwinkunkuma kwindawo eselunxwemeni lolwandle oluphakathi [kwindawo]. Kukwajongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo ebandakanyekayo ekuguquleleni iziphumo zophando lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kwizicelo zobunjineli ezisebenzayo. Ukongeza, iindlela ezintsha zihlolwe kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa elebhu kwimisebenzi yolwandle.
Ukuxhasa ukusasazwa kwee-arhente zeentsholongwane emanzini olwandle kunye nokulandelela okulandelayo, kwayilwa kwaye kwasetyenziswa izixhobo zokujonga umphezulu nangaphantsi kwamanzi ezizimeleyo. Ngexesha lokusebenza kude nolwandle, iqela leprojekthi likwaphande ngemida ekhoyo yezixhobo zokujonga kwaye lahlola izisombululo ezinokwenzeka zokujongana nazo.
Emva kokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi, ukuxinana kwepetroli kwiintsalela kulo lonke indawo ekhethiweyo kwehla kakhulu, kukhatshwa kukubuyiselwa kwesimo sendalo. Le projekthi ibonisa ukubonakaliswa okuphumelelayo kokubuyiselwa kwesimo sendalo saselwandle, okuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezentlalo nezendalo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-12-2026