ʻO ka hana ʻeli kai ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ke kaiapuni a hiki ke loaʻa kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā flora a me nā holoholona kai.

"ʻO ka hōʻeha kino a i ʻole ka make mai nā ulia, ka hana walaʻau, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka turbidity nā ala nui e hiki ai i ka dredging ke hoʻopilikia pololei i nā mammals kai," wahi a kahi ʻatikala ma ka ICES Journal of Marine Science.

"ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao ʻole o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mammals kai e loaʻa mai nā loli i ko lākou wahi kino a i ʻole kā lākou mea pio. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kino, e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻāina, ka hohonu, nā nalu, nā au kai, ka nui o nā ʻāpana sediment a me nā nui o ka sediment i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻeli ʻana, akā hiki mai nā loli ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe ma muli o nā hanana haunaele e like me ke au, nā nalu a me nā ʻino."

Hiki i ka hana ʻeli ʻana ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā mauʻu kai, e alakaʻi ana i nā loli lōʻihi ma ke kahakai a hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā kaiāulu o uka. Hiki i nā mauʻu kai ke kōkua i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana o ke kahakai a lilo i ʻāpana o nā pale kai e pale ana i ke kahakai mai nā ʻino. Hiki i ka hana ʻeli ʻana ke hōʻike i nā moena mauʻu kai i ka ʻū ʻana, ka wehe ʻana a i ʻole ka luku ʻia.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, me ka ʻikepili kūpono, hiki iā mākou ke kaupalena i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻana o ke kai.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina me nā kaʻina hana hoʻokele kūpono, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia nā hopena o ka hana ʻeli kai i ka uhi ʻana i ke kani, nā loli hana pōkole a me nā loli i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio.

Hiki i nā ʻoihana hana ʻeli ke hoʻohana i nā buoy nalu liʻiliʻi a Frankstar e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana a me ka pono o ka hana. Hiki i nā mea hana ke komo i ka ʻikepili nalu manawa maoli i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka buoy nalu Mini e hoʻomaopopo i nā hoʻoholo hele/ʻaʻole hele, a me ka ʻikepili kaomi wai honua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nānā i nā pae wai ma kahi o ka papahana.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hiki nō hoʻi i nā mea hana keʻe wai ke hoʻohana i nā lako hana ʻike kai o Frankstar e nānā i ka turbidity, a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka moakāka a i ʻole ka opaque o ka wai. Hoʻāla ka hana keʻe wai i ka nui o ka sediment, e hopena ana i nā ana turbidity kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka maʻamau i loko o ka wai (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka opacity). He lepo ka wai keʻe wai a hūnā i ka mālamalama a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona kai. Me ka Mini Wave buoy ma ke ʻano he kikowaena no ka mana a me ka pilina, e hiki i nā mea hana ke komo i nā ana mai nā mea ʻike turbidity i hoʻopili ʻia i nā moorings akamai ma o ka interface lako paʻa o Bristlemouth, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka hana plug-and-play no nā ʻōnaehana ʻike kai. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka manawa maoli, e ʻae ana i ka turbidity e nānā mau ʻia i ka wā o nā hana keʻe wai.