Uko isi yihutisha impinduka zayo ku ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa, inganda z’umuyaga zo mu mazi (OWFs) zirimo kuba inkingi ikomeye y’imiterere y’ingufu. Mu 2023, ubushobozi bw’ingufu z’umuyaga zo mu mazi ku isi bwageze kuri 117 GW, kandi biteganijwe ko buzikuba kabiri bukagera kuri 320 GW mu 2030. Ubushobozi bwo kwagura ubu bwiganje cyane cyane mu Burayi (495 GW), muri Aziya (292 GW), no muri Amerika (200 GW), mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho muri Afurika na Oseyaniya buri hasi (1.5 GW na 99 GW uko bikurikirana). Mu 2050, biteganijwe ko 15% by’imishinga mishya y’ingufu z’umuyaga zo mu mazi izakoresha ishingiro rireremba, ryagura cyane imipaka y’iterambere mu mazi maremare. Ariko, iri hinduka ry’ingufu rizana n’ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, gukora no guhagarika imirimo y’inganda z’umuyaga zo mu mazi, zishobora guhungabanya amatsinda atandukanye nk’amafi, inyamaswa zitagira urutirigongo, inyoni zo mu nyanja, n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi, harimo n’urusaku, impinduka mu mirima y’amashanyarazi, impinduka mu miterere y’aho ziba, no kubangamira inzira zo gushakisha. Ariko, muri icyo gihe, inyubako za turbine y'umuyaga zishobora no gukora nk' "amabuye y'ubukorikori" kugira ngo zitange ahantu ho kwikinga no kongera amoko y'ibinyabuzima byo mu gace runaka.

1.Imbuga z'umuyaga zo mu nyanja zitera imvururu nyinshi ku moko menshi, kandi ibisubizo bigaragaza umwihariko mwinshi mu bijyanye n'amoko n'imyitwarire.

Ubuhinzi bw'umuyaga bwo mu mazi (OWFs) bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku moko atandukanye nk'inyoni zo mu nyanja, inyamaswa zo mu matungo, amafi, n'inyamaswa zitagira urutirigongo mu gihe cyo kubaka, gukora no guhagarika imirimo. Uburyo ubwoko butandukanye bugira ingaruka zitandukanye cyane. Urugero, inyamaswa zo mu matungo ziguruka (nk'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa gull, loons, n'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa gull zifite amaguru atatu) zifite igipimo cyo kwirinda cyane turbine z'umuyaga, kandi imyitwarire yazo yo kwirinda iriyongera uko ubucucike bwa turbine buzamuka. Ariko, zimwe mu nyamaswa zo mu mazi nka seal na porpoises zigaragaza imyitwarire yegereye cyangwa ntizigaragaze uburyo bwo kwirinda bugaragara. Amwe mu moko (nk'inyoni zo mu mazi) ashobora no kureka aho zororera no kugaburira bitewe n'uburyo umuyaga ubangamira ubwinshi bw'inyamaswa zo mu mazi, bigatuma ubwinshi bw'inyamaswa zo mu mazi bugabanuka. Guhindagurika kw'insinga z'umuyaga biterwa n'ubuhinzi bw'umuyaga bushobora kongera ibyago byo kugongwa n'insinga, cyane cyane ku nyoni nini. Kwaguka kw'amazi menshi mu gihe kizaza bizarushaho kwiyongera iki kibazo.

2. Ubuhinzi bw'umuyaga bwo mu nyanja buhindura imiterere y'urubuga rw'ibiribwa, byongera ubwoko bw'ibinyabuzima byo mu gace ariko bigabanya umusaruro w'ibanze mu karere.

Imiterere ya turbine y'umuyaga ishobora gukora nk'"urutare rw'ubukorano", ikurura ibinyabuzima bigaburira ibyuma nka mussels na barnacles, bityo byongera imiterere y'aho batuye no gukurura amafi, inyoni n'inyamabere. Ariko, iyi ngaruka yo "guteza imbere intungamubiri" akenshi igarukira hafi y'aho turbine iherereye, mu gihe ku rwego rw'akarere, hashobora kubaho igabanuka ry'umusaruro. Urugero, ingero zigaragaza ko imiterere y'inyama z'ubururu (Mytilus edulis) mu Nyanja y'Amajyaruguru iterwa na turbine y'umuyaga ishobora kugabanya umusaruro w'ibanze kugeza kuri 8% binyuze mu kugaburira ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, umuyaga uhindura ubwiyongere, kuvanga imiterere no gukwirakwiza intungamubiri, bishobora gutuma habaho ingaruka zo kuva kuri phytoplankton kugera ku bwoko bwo hejuru bwa trophic.

3. Urusaku, imbaraga za elegitoroniki n'ibyago byo kugongana ni byo bintu bitatu by'ingenzi bitera impanuka, kandi inyoni n'inyamaswa zo mu mazi ni byo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri byo.

Mu gihe cyo kubaka imirima y’umuyaga yo mu nyanja, ibikorwa by’amato n’ibikorwa byo gukusanya ingano bishobora gutera impanuka n’urupfu by’udusimba two mu nyanja, amafi, n’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa cetacean. Icyitegererezo kivuga ko mu gihe cy’ubwinshi bw’amafi, buri ruganda rw’umuyaga rushobora guhura n’inyoni nini zo mu bwoko bwa bareni rimwe mu kwezi. Ingaruka zo kugongana kw’inyoni mu gihe cy’ibikorwa ziba ku burebure bw’imashini z’umuyaga (metero 20 - 150), kandi amoko amwe nka Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris), na Black-bellied Gull (Larus schistisagus) akunze guhura n’umubare munini w’impfu mu nzira zo kwimuka. Mu Buyapani, mu gihe runaka cyo gushyiraho ikigo cy’umuyaga, umubare w’inyoni zishobora gupfa buri mwaka urenga 250. Ugereranyije n’ingufu z’umuyaga zishingiye ku butaka, nubwo nta mfu z’udusimba zagaragaye ku ngufu z’umuyaga zo mu nyanja, ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’insinga no guterwa n’izindi (nk’izivanze n’ibikoresho byo kuroba byasizwe) ziracyagomba kwitonda.

4. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kugabanya ingaruka nta buryo busanzwe bukoreshwa, kandi guhuza ibikorwa ku rwego rw'isi no guhangana n'ingaruka ku rwego rw'akarere bigomba gutezwa imbere mu nzira ebyiri zijyanye.

Muri iki gihe, isuzuma ryinshi (ESIA, EIA) rikorwa ku rwego rw'umushinga kandi nta sesengura ry’ingaruka rikorwa ku mishinga itandukanye n’iry’igihe gito (CIA), rigabanya gusobanukirwa ingaruka ku rwego rw’ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije. Urugero, 36% gusa by’ingamba 212 zo kugabanya ingaruka ni byo bifite ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko bifite akamaro. Uturere tumwe na tumwe two mu Burayi na Amerika ya Ruguru twasuzumye CIA ihuriweho n’imishinga myinshi, nk’isuzuma ry’ibanze ryakozwe na BOEM ku gice cy’isi cya Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ariko, turacyahura n’imbogamizi nko kudahagije kw’amakuru y’ibanze no kudakurikirana ibintu mu buryo buhamye. Abanditsi batanga igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho, inshuro nke zo kugenzura, na gahunda zo gucunga ibintu mu buryo bujyanye n’igihe binyuze mu mbuga mpuzamahanga zo gusangira amakuru (nk’itsinda rya CBD cyangwa ICES nk’intangiriro) na gahunda zo kugenzura ibidukikije mu karere (REMPs).

5. Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kugenzura rituma habaho uburyo bwo kureba neza imikoranire iri hagati y’ingufu z’umuyaga n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kandi rigomba guhuzwa mu byiciro byose by’ubuzima.

Uburyo gakondo bwo kugenzura (nk'ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bwato n'ubwo mu kirere) burahenze kandi bushobora kwibasirwa n'ikirere. Ariko, uburyo bushya nka eDNA, gukurikirana amajwi, videwo yo munsi y'amazi (ROV / UAV) no kumenya ubuhanga bwo gukora ibintu bifatika (AI) burimo gusimbuza vuba bimwe mu byo umuntu yarebaga n'intoki, bigatuma inyoni, amafi, ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja n'amoko y'ibinyabuzima byinjira mu kirere. Urugero, hatanzwe uburyo bwa digitale (Digital Twins) bwo kwigana imikoranire hagati y'ingufu z'umuyaga n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu gihe cy'ikirere gikabije, nubwo ubu bukoreshwa bukiri mu cyiciro cyo gushakisha. Ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye rirakoreshwa mu byiciro bitandukanye byo kubaka, gukora no guhagarika imirimo. Iyo bihujwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'igihe kirekire byo kugenzura (nk'urwego rwa BACI), byitezwe ko bizamura cyane uburyo bwo kugereranya no gukurikirana uburyo urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rukora mu byiciro bitandukanye.

Frankstar imaze igihe kinini yiyemeje gutanga ibisubizo birambuye byo kugenzura inyanja, ifite ubuhanga bugaragara mu gukora, guhuza, gushyira mu bikorwa no kubungabungaMetOcean buoys.

Mu gihe ingufu z'umuyaga wo mu nyanja zikomeje kwaguka ku isi yose,Frankstarikoresha ubunararibonye bwayo bwinshi mu gushyigikira igenzura ry’ibidukikije ku mafarumasi y’umuyaga yo mu nyanja n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi. Mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’ibikorwa byagezweho mu butaka, Frankstar yiyemeje gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu nyanja no kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.