Leoatle le akaretsa hoo e ka bang 71% ea bokaholimo ba Lefatše. Ho tloha ho boleleng esale pele litsela tsa maholiotsoana le nts'etsopele ea mapolasi a leoatle ho isa ho netefatseng hore ho tsamaisoa likepe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le ho fokotsa likoluoa ​​tsa leoatle—le ho atoloha esita le ho ea lipatlisisong tsa lefats'e ka bophara tsa phetoho ea tlelaemete—hoo e batlang e le lipatlisiso tsohle tsa saense ea leoatle tsa sejoale-joale li itšetlehile ka mohloli o le mong oa bohlokoa: data ea leoatle.

Ho ba sa tsoa kena lefapheng la lewatle, phephetso ya nnete hangata ha se "ho hloka data," empa ke "ho feta tekano ha data." Ha e le hantle, data ya lewatle ha e yo ka thoko; ho ena le hoo, e fetohile tikoloho e akaretsang e kenyeletsang "ho shebella—ho lemoha hole—ho etsa mohlala—ho amohela—tlhahlobo e bohlale."

Ke Hobane'ng ha Saense ea Leoatleng e Itšetleha ka ho Eketsehileng ho Lintlha?

Nakong e fetileng, batho ba ne ba itšetlehile haholo-holo ka likepe tsa lipatlisiso,liteishene tsa liboo, le ho shebella ka letsoho ho utloisisa leoatle. Leha mokhoa ona o ne o fana ka ho nepahala ho hoholo, o ne o e-na le bothata ba ho koahela sebaka se fokolang le lipotoloho tse telele tsa ho shebella.

Kajeno, ka tsoelo-pele ea ho lemoha hole ka satellite, liforomo tsa ho shebella tse iketsahallang, li-floats tsa Argo, mehlala ea lipalo, le mahlale a ho kopanya data, ho shebella leoatle ho kene mehleng ea 'nete ea "Big Data". Litšobotsi tsa eona tse hlalosang li ka akaretsoa ka tsela ena: boholo bo boholo, ho koahela ka bophara, lebelo le phahameng, le leruo la mahlakore a mangata.

• Bophahamo ba data bo nyolohile ho tloha boemong ba gigabyte (GB) ho ea boemong ba petabyte (PB).
• Sebaka sa nakoana se atolohile ho tloha ho mashome a lilemo feela ho isa ho lilemo tse fetang lekholo.
• Ho koahela sebaka hona joale ho akaretsa leoatle lohle la lefats'e.
• Liparamente tse shebiloeng li akaretsa litekanyo tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa mocheso oa holim'a leoatle, letsoai, maqhubu a leoatle,maqhubu, masimo a moya, bongata ba chlorophyll, leqhoa la leoatle, le tse ling.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, tharollo ea data e ntse e ntlafala—ha mehlala ea leoatle la lefats'e ka bophara e ne e e-na le qeto e tloaelehileng ea 1°, joale e ntse e hatela pele ho fihlela qetong ea 1/12°, kapa esita le sekala sa sub-kilometer. Bokhoni ba rona ba ho ithuta meaho ea leoatle e metle—joalo ka meedi ea mesoscale, mabopo a lebopong le maqhubu a ka hare—bo fihlile boemong bo fetang hōle seo pele se neng se ka khoneha.

Ka tsela e itseng, saense ea sejoale-joale ea likepe e ntse e fetoha ho tloha paradigm e "tsamaisoang ke maikutlo" ho ea ho e "tsamaisoang ke data".

Lintlha tsa Leoatle li tsoa hokae haholo-holo?

Tikoloho ea lefats'e ea data ea leoatle e bopiloe ka kopanelo ke mekhatlo ea machaba ea likepe tsa leoatle, litsi tsa boemo ba leholimo, litsamaiso tsa sathelaete le marang-rang a naha a ho shebella lefatšeng ka bophara.

• NOAA (USA): E 'ngoe ea mehloli ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea data ea leoatle, e fanang ka lethathamo la lihlahisoa tsa data tsa nalane tsa mahala, tse bulehileng, le tsa nako e telele—ho kenyeletsoa le NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, lirekoto tsa ICOADS tsa ho shebella, data ea mocheso oa leoatle oa AVHRR, le sistimi ea ho bolela esale pele ea GFS lefatšeng ka bophara.
• Europe (ECMWF & ESA): Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo-bocha ea ERA5 tsa ECMWF li fetohile mohloli oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa lintlha tse qobellang sepakapaka bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa tšebelisano-'moho ea moea le leoatle; Letoto la sathelaete la ESA la Sentinel le bontša melemo e meholo ho kutlo ea SAR hole, ho shebella ka nepo bokaholimo ba leoatle, le ho beha leihlo leqhoa la leoatle.
• Asia (JMA): Lintlha tsa COBE-SST tsa Lekala la Maemo a Leholimo la Japane (JMA) li sebelisoa haholo lipatlisisong tse mabapi le boemo ba leholimo ba Northwest Pacific, ENSO, le Asia Bochabela.

Ke mefuta efe ea data ea leoatle e teng?

Lintlha tsa leoatle tsa sejoale-joale li arotsoe ka mefuta e mene e meholo:data ea bathymetric, data ea ho lemoha hole, data ea ho shebella sebakeng seo, le data ea tlhahlobo-bocha.

Lintlha tsa Bathymetric tsa Leoatle

Sena se theha motheo oa lipatlisiso tsohle tsa maoatle. Haeba motho a ne a ka tšoantša mohlala oa lipalo tsa leoatle le "ho haha ​​​​moaho," joale bathymetry—botebo le topography ea fatše la leoatle—e ne e tla sebetsa e le "motheo." Li-dataset tsa bathymetry tsa lefats'e tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa li kenyelletsa ETOPO le GEBCO; ea morao-rao e se e le 'mapa oa motheo o tloaelehileng o amoheloang machabeng bakeng sa topography ea fatše la leoatle.

Lintlha tsa ho Lemoha hole tsa Sathelaete

Sena se sebetsa e le "matla a ka sehloohong" ho shebisiseng leoatle la sejoale-joale. Melemo ea sona ea bohlokoa e holim'a tšireletso ea sona e pharaletseng ea sebaka, makhetlo a ntlafatso a potlakileng, le bokhoni ba ho shebisisa lefats'e ka nako e le 'ngoe.

• Mocheso oa Leoatle (SST): Li-dataset tse kang MODIS, AVHRR, le OISST li sebelisoa haholo lipatlisisong tse kenyeletsang ENSO, maqhubu a mocheso oa leoatle, Kuroshio Current, le ho bolela esale pele ha litlhapi.
• Masimo a Moya a Bokaholimo ba Lewatle: Haholo-holo a nkiloe ho tsoa ho disathelaete tsa scatterometer (mohlala, ASCAT, SeaWinds, le letoto la HY-2 la Chaena), lintlha tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa lithuto tsa maholiotsoana, maqhubu a hlahisoang ke moea, le likamano tsa moea le leoatle.
• Bophahamo ba Bokaholimo ba Leoatle (SSH): Lisathelaete tsa Altimeter—tse kang TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason, le HY-2A—li hlokomela liphetoho tsa boemo ba leoatle, maqhubu a mesoscale, le tsela eo Kuroshio Current e tsamaeang ka eona.
• Radar ea Sekoti sa Maiketsetso (SAR): E khetholloa ka bokhoni ba boemo ba leholimo bohle, ba letsatsi lohle, le ba qeto e phahameng, SAR e ka fumana tlhahisoleseling ea bokaholimo ba leoatle esita le bosiu kapa tlas'a sekoahelo sa maru. E sebelisoa haholo ho lekola leqhoa la leoatle, ho tšoloha ha oli, maqhubu a ka hare, maqhubu a leoatle le likepe tsa leoatle.

Lintlha tsa Tlhokomelo ea Sebakeng

Leha ho koaheloa ha sebaka ho lekanyeditswe ha ho bapiswa le ho lemoha hole, tlhahisoleseding ena e fana ka boemo bo hodimo ba ho nepahala mme e sebetsa e le tekanyetso ya bohlokwa bakeng sa dipatlisiso tsohle tsa mawatle.

• Argo Buoys: Li sebetsa joaloka "li-CTD tse iketsahalletseng" tse ntseng li hoholeha ho pholletsa le leoatle la lefats'e, li-floating tsena li theoha le ho nyoloha nako le nako ho lekanya mocheso, letsoai le khatello ka bohona, li fetisetsa data morao ka nako ea sebele. Li-floating tse likete tsa Argo tse sebelisoang lefatšeng ka bophara ka kakaretso li etsa marang-rang a maholohali a ho shebella leoatle historing ea batho.
• Litlhokomelo tsa CTD: Tsena e ntse e le "lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng" liphuputsong tsa maoatle, tse fanang ka liprofaele tse nepahetseng tsa mocheso le letsoai.

Bokamoso ba data ea leoatle bo lebile hokae?

Tsela ea nakong e tlang ea nts'etsopele ea data ea leoatle e hlakile ebile e tiile:

• Qeto e Phahameng: Ho tloha qetong ea sekala sa lik'hilomithara ho ea qetong ea sekala sa limithara tse lekholo.
• Bokgoni bo Ntlafaditsweng ba Nako ya Sebele: Ho theha butle-butle tsamaiso e felletseng ya "Leoatle la Nako ya Sebele".
• Ho Kopanngoa ha Mehloli e Mengata: Ho kopanya lisathelaete, li-buoy, mehlala ea lipalo, li-platform tse se nang batho, le AI ho sebetsa ka konsarete.
• Bohlale: Bohlale ba maiketsetso bo keneletse ka botebo saenseng ea leoatle—ho kenyeletsoa le ho bolela esale pele ha leoatle ho tsamaisoang ke AI, ho aha bocha data e sieo, ho lemoha lintho tse sa bonahaleng, ho fumana lintho tse bonahalang hole, le tse ling tse ngata.

Saense ea likepe e kena mehleng e mecha:

| Data e Kholo ea Leoatle + Bohlale ba Maiketsetso = Enjene ea Bohlokoa ea Lipatlisiso tsa Leoatle tsa Nakong e Tlang

Re lumela ka tieo hore bohlokoa ba 'nete ba data bo holim'a ho e fumana ka katleho, tlhaloso e tebileng le ts'ebeliso e bohlale.

Ke labalabela ho buisana le uena bakeng sa moqoqo o tebileng.