Njengoba umhlaba usheshisa ukushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo, amapulazi omoya angaphesheya kwezilwandle (OWFs) aba insika ebalulekile yesakhiwo samandla. Ngo-2023, amandla afakiwe emhlabeni jikelele wamandla omoya osogwini afinyelele ku-117 GW, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi aphindeke kabili aze afike ku-320 GW ngo-2030. Amandla amanje okunweba agxile kakhulu e-Europe (amandla angama-GW angu-495), e-Asia (292 GW), kanye naseMelika (200 GW), kuyilapho amandla afakiwe e-Afrika kanye ne-GW ephansi ngokulinganayo (GW 19). Ngonyaka wezi-2050, kulindeleke ukuthi u-15% wamaphrojekthi amasha kagesi omoya ogwini lolwandle asebenzise izisekelo ezintantayo, andise kakhulu imingcele yokuthuthukiswa emanzini ajulile. Nokho, lokhu kuguqulwa kwamandla nakho kuletha izingozi ezinkulu zemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza, kanye nezigaba zokuqeda amandla emapulazini omoya asogwini lolwandle, zingase ziphazamise amaqembu ahlukahlukene njengezinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, izinyoni zasolwandle, nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa nokunukubezeka komsindo, izinguquko ezinkundleni zikazibuthe kagesi, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, nokuphazamiseka kwemizila yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo ze-turbine yomoya zingasebenza "njengezixhobo zokwenziwa" ukuze zinikeze izindawo zokukhosela futhi zithuthukise ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zendawo.
1.Amapulazi omoya asogwini adala ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlangothi eziningi ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, futhi izimpendulo zibonisa ukucaciswa okuphezulu ngokwezinhlobo zezinhlobo nokuziphatha.
Amapulazi omoya asogwini (OWFs) anomthelela onzima ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ezifana nezinyoni zasolwandle, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi, kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla ngesikhathi sokwakha, ukusebenza, kanye nezigaba zokuyeka ukusebenza. Izimpendulo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zihluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, izilwane ezinomgogodla ezindizayo (ezifana nama-gull, ama-loons, nama-gull anezinzwane ezintathu) zinezinga eliphezulu lokugwema ukuya kuma-turbines omoya, futhi ukuziphatha kwazo kokugwema kuyanda ngokukhuphuka kokuminyana kwezinjini zomoya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle njengezimvu zamanzi kanye nama-porpoise zibonisa ukuziphatha okuzayo noma azibonisi ukusabela okusobala kokugwema. Ezinye izinhlobo (njengezinyoni zasolwandle) zingase zilahle ngisho izindawo zazo zokuzalela nokudla ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwepulazi lomoya, okuholela ekwehleni kobuningi bendawo. Ukukhukhuleka kwekhebula okusetshenzwa kulengwa okubangelwa amapulazi omoya antantayo kungase futhi kwandise ingozi yokubanjwa kwamakhebula, ikakhulukazi emikhomo emikhulu. Ukwandiswa kwamanzi ajulile esikhathini esizayo kuzokwandisa le ngozi.
2.Amapulazi omoya asogwini ashintsha ukwakheka kwewebhu yokudla, akhulisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zasendaweni kodwa anciphisa ukukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo kwesifunda.
Isakhiwo se-wind turbine singasebenza "njenge-artificial reef", iheha izinto ezidla izihlungi ezifana nezimbaza kanye nama-barnacle, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise inkimbinkimbi yendawo yokuhlala yendawo futhi ihehe izinhlanzi, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. Kodwa-ke, lo mphumela "wokugqugquzelwa komsoco" uvamise ukukhawulelwa eduze kwesizinda se-turbine, kuyilapho esikalini sesifunda, kungase kube khona ukwehla kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, amamodeli akhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka okubangelwa yi-wind turbine yomphakathi wembaza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Mytilus edulis) eNorth Sea kunganciphisa ukukhiqiza okuyisisekelo kufika ku-8% ngokusebenzisa ukusefa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu yomoya ishintsha ukukhuphuka, ukuxubana okuqondile kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwemisoco, okungase kuholele emthelela wokwehla usuka e-phytoplankton uye ezinhlobonhlobo zezinga eliphezulu le-trophic.
3. Umsindo, izindawo zikazibuthe kanye nezingozi zokushayisana kwakha izingcindezi ezintathu ezinkulu ezibulalayo, futhi izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle yizo ezizwela kakhulu kuzo.
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amapulazi omoya asogwini lolwandle, imisebenzi yemikhumbi kanye nemisebenzi yokunqwabelanisa ingabangela ukushayisana nokufa kwezimfudu zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, nama-cetaceans. Imodeli ilinganisela ukuthi ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu, ipulazi ngalinye lomoya linesilinganiso sokuhlangana nemikhomo emikhulu kanye ngenyanga. Ubungozi bokushayisana kwezinyoni ngesikhathi sokusebenza bugxile ekuphakameni kwezinjini zomoya (amamitha angama-20 – 150), kanti ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), i-Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris), kanye ne-Black-bellied Gull (i-Larus schistisagus) zijwayele ukuhlangana nemizila emikhulu. E-Japan, esimweni esithile sokuthunyelwa kwepulazi lomoya, inani elingaba khona minyaka yonke lokufa kwezinyoni lingaphezu kuka-250. Uma kuqhathaniswa namandla omoya asekelwe emhlabathini, nakuba zingekho izimo zokufa kwamalulwane eziye zarekhodwa ngenxa yamandla omoya wasogwini lolwandle, ubungozi obungaba khona bokubanjwa kwekhebula kanye nokubambeka kwesibili (njengokuhlanganiswe nemishini yokudoba elahliwe) kusadingeka ukuba kuqashelwe.
4. Izindlela zokuhlola nezindlela zokunciphisa azikho ezingeni, futhi ukudidiyelwa komhlaba wonke kanye nokujwayela kwesifunda kudingeka kuthuthukiswe ngezindlela ezimbili ezifanayo.
Njengamanje, ukuhlola okuningi (ESIA, EIA) kusezingeni lephrojekthi futhi akunayo iphrojekthi enqamulayo kanye nokuhlaziywa komthelela wesikhathi esifushane (i-CIA), okunciphisa ukuqonda kwemithelela ezingeni lezinhlobo zeqembu-ecosystem. Isibonelo, ama-36% kuphela wezinyathelo zokunciphisa ezingama-212 ezinobufakazi obucacile bokusebenza ngempumelelo. Ezinye izifunda eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika zihlole i-CIA enamaphrojekthi amaningi edidiyelwe, njengokuhlola okunqwabelanayo kwesifunda okwenziwa yi-BOEM e-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf yase-United States. Kodwa-ke, basabhekene nezinselelo ezifana nedatha eyisisekelo enganele kanye nokuqapha okungaguquki. Ababhali baphakamisa ukugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile, amaza okuqapha amancane, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha eziguquguqukayo ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu okwabelana ngedatha yamazwe ngamazwe (njenge-CBD noma i-ICES njengokuhola) kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha imvelo zesifunda (REMPs).
5. Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa bokuqapha buthuthukisa ukunemba kokubheka ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamandla omoya kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi kufanele kuhlanganiswe kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo.
Izindlela zokuqapha zendabuko (ezifana nezinhlolovo zasemkhunjini kanye nezisekelwe emoyeni) zibiza kakhulu futhi zingenwa kalula yizimo zezulu. Kodwa-ke, amasu avelayo afana ne-eDNA, ukuqapha i-soundscapes, i-videography engaphansi kwamanzi (i-ROV/UAV) kanye nokuqashelwa kwe-AI kushintsha ngokushesha okunye okubhekwayo okwenziwa ngesandla, okuvumela ukulandelela njalo kwezinyoni, izinhlanzi, izinto eziphilayo ezingavamile kanye nezinhlobo ezihlaselayo. Isibonelo, amasistimu angamawele edijithali (Amawele Adijithali) aphakanyiselwe ukulingisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesistimu yamandla omoya kanye ne-ecosystem ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, nakuba izinhlelo zokusebenza zisesesigabeni sokuhlola. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene buyasebenza ezigabeni ezahlukene zokwakha, ukusebenza kanye nokuyeka ukusebenza. Uma kuhlanganiswe nemiklamo yokuqapha yesikhathi eside (efana nohlaka lwe-BACI), kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukuqhathaniseka nokulandeleka kwezimpendulo zezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo kuzo zonke izikali.
UFrankstar sekuyisikhathi eside ezinikezele ekuletheni izixazululo eziphelele zokuqapha ulwandle, ezinobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe ekukhiqizeni, ekuhlanganiseni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwemishini.I-MetOcean buoys.
Njengoba amandla omoya olwandle eqhubeka nokukhula emhlabeni wonke,I-Frankstarisebenzisa ulwazi lwayo olubanzi ukusekela ukuqapha kwemvelo kumapulazi omoya aphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezinqubo ezifakazelwe ensimini, u-Frankstar uzibophezele ekubambeni iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwamandla avuselelekayo olwandle kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-08-2025