Kaua te kawenga ngaru me te kawenga iahiko e whakaarohia he kawenga motuhake e rua e tatauhia motuhaketia ana, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngātahi.I roto i te tātari hanganga tai moana, ko te huarahi tika ko te whakatau tuatahi i te nekehanga wai-matūriki ā-rohe i puta mai i ngā ngaru me ngā ia i te tūranga me te wā kotahi, ka whakakotahi i ō rātou wāhanga tere ki roto i tētahi pūnaha taunga ōrite, kātahi ka tatau i te kaha waiora e puta mai ana.

Ka tino hira tēnei rerekētanga mō ngā hanganga tai moana e pāngia ana e ngā ngaru nui, ngā ia kaha, me ngā kōtaha ia uaua. Ka pā nui pea ki te kaha tōia kua tatauhia, inā koa ka whakamahia te whārite Morison mō ngā mema ngongo angiangi.

E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā mātāpono hangarau kei muri ite taunekeneke ngaru-au, te totoro o te kōtaha au, te huinga tere tere, te kaha tōia a Morison, me te whakatauira kawenga ngaru-au i roto i te SACS.

1. He aha e kore ai e taea te tāpiri tika i ngā kawenga ngaru me ngā kawenga iahiko i ngā wā katoa

Ko tētahi huarahi noa i roto i te tātari hanganga tai moana ko te tatau takitahi i ngā kawenga ngaru me ngā kawenga iahiko, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā kaha e puta mai ana.

Heoi, kāore tēnei e tohu tonu i te kawenga waiora tuturu i runga i tētahi hanganga.

Ko te pātai matua ko:

He aha te tere tuturu o te wai e karapoti ana i te hanganga i te wāhi kotahi, i te wā kotahi anō hoki?

Kei roto i te wai te tere o te ngaru me te tere o te ia i te wā kotahi. Nō reira, me whakatū tuatahi te tere o te wai ā-rohe mā te whakakotahi i ō rāua tere whakawhiti. Kātahi ka whakamahia te tere hua hei tatau i te kaha waiora.

He mea nui rawa tēnei mō tewāhanga tōia o te whārite Morison, nā te mea he rite te kaha tō ki te tapawhā o te tere whanaunga.

Nō reira:

Ko te whakakotahi i ngā tere taiao i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tatau i te kaha waiora, ehara i te mea rite ki te tatau motuhake i ngā kaha ngaru me te ia, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā hua i muri mai.

2. Nō hea te ia e rere ana i runga ake i te taumata wai marino?

Whakaarohia he hanganga tai moana kei roto i te āhua o te tupuhi ina:

• Ko te taumata wai mārire e tautuhia ana koz = 0
• Ko te hohonutanga o te wai80 mita
• Ko te kōtaha o te au tāuru ka tautuhia kia tae noa ki te taumata wai marino anake.
• Ka tae te tihi o te ngaru kiη = +8 m

Ina pā te tihi o te ngaru i te hanganga, ka piki te mata korekore inamata ki te +8 m.

He mema hanganga keiz = +4 mitanō reira ka rukuhia mō tētahi wā poto.

Engari kāore te kōtaha iahiko taketake e whakarato tika i te tere iahiko i te +4 m nā te mea i tautuhia te kōtaha taketake tae noa ki te taumata wai mārire anake.

Nō reira, ehara te raruraru hangarau i te whakatau i te au o nāianeii runga ake i te tihi o te ngaru. Engari, ko te whakatau i te tere o te iahiko i roto i te rohe, arā:

kei runga ake i te taumata wai marino engari kei raro iho i te mata o te ngaru inamata.

Ko tētahi huarahi hangarau ko te whakarerekē i te kōtaha o ia au kia rite ki te teitei o te mata-kore inamata. Ka totorohia, ka pēhia rānei te kōtaha o ia au kia:

• E hono tonu ana te papa moana ki te papa moana
• E rite ana te mata o te ngaru inamata ki te rohe o runga o te kōtaha o ia au taketake

Mā tēnei ka puta he tohatoha tere o te iahiko ōrite puta noa i te rohe mākū inamata.

3. Te Toronga o te Kōtaha o Nāianei: Te Mahere i te Teitei o te Rohe

Kaua te totoro o te kōtaha o ia au e whakamāramatia hei whakarea noa i ia tere o ia au ki tētahi tauine tauine.

Ko te mahi matua ko temaherehia te teitei hanganga o nāianei ki tētahi teitei tohutoro e rite ana i roto i te kōtaha o nāianei taketake, kātahi ka whiwhi i te tere o ia au mai i taua tūranga kua maherehia.

Mō tētahi huarahi totoro raina māmā, ka taea te whakaatu i te whanaungatanga penei:

z' = -d + (z + d) × d / (d + η)

kei hea:

• d= te hohonutanga o te wai ua
• η= te pikinga o te ngaru inamata
• z= te teitei o te au i te wāhi hanganga
• z'= te teitei i maheretia i roto i te kōtaha o nāianei taketake

Me whakamahi te pūnaha tohutoro poutū kotahi mōz, z' me η, me ngā uara pai e piki ake ana.

Hei tauira, me kī:

• Hōhonutanga o te wai:d = 80 mita
• Teitei o te ngaru:η = +8 m

Ka taea te whakaatu i te mahere penei:

Ko te tikanga tēnei ko te tere o te au iz = +4 mitaka whiwhi mā te aromatawai i te kōtaha o nāianei taketake i te tata kiz' = −3.64 mita.

Tauira o te Whakatakotoranga Tere o Ia Wā

Me kī kei roto i te kōtaha taketake o nāianei:

• Te tere o te au i te z = 0 m:1.5 m/s
• Te tere o te au i te z = −20 m:1.2 m/s

Mena ka whakamahia te whakarara rārangi, ka taea te tiki i te tere kua maheretia i te −3.64 m pea mai i ēnei uara e rua.

Ko te mea nui ko:

Ka whakarerekē te totoro i te tūranga e ahu mai ana te tere o te iahiko. Kāore e whakarea noa i ngā tere iahiko katoa ki te 88/80.

He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga ina whakamāramahia ngā panonitanga kōtaha o nāianei i roto i te tātaritanga waiora o tai.

4. Te Totoro o te Kōtaha Au Raina me te Kore Raina

Kāore te totoro kōtaha o nāianei e herea noa ki te tikanga pāngarau kotahi.

API RP 2A-WSD, Putanga 22, Wāhanga 5.3.1.2.6e tautuhi ana i te totoro kore-raina hei tikanga pai i raro i ngā tikanga kua whakaahuahia e te paerewa, me te matapaki anō hoki i ngā huarahi tata mō ngā āhuatanga kōtaha-auau motuhake.

Mō tētahi pereti mata matotoru me te tohatoha tere ōrite, ka taea e te toronga poutū ngāwari te whakarato i tētahi whakatata whaitake ki te totoro kore-raina.

Mō ētahi atu momo kōtaha o nāianei,ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te totoro raina hei whakatau tata hangarau, i runga i ngā tikanga e tika ana me te tikanga tātari.

Nō reira, me karo i ngā whakatau e rua:

• Kāore i te tika te whakaaro ka taea noa te toro atu ki runga i ngā kōtaha katoa o nāianei me te kore whakaaro.
• Kāore hoki i te tika te whakaaro kāore e whakaaetia whānuitia te totoro rārangi.

Me hangai te kōwhiringa ki ngā āhuatanga o te kōtaha o nāianei, te paerewa hoahoa e tika ana, me ngā whakaritenga tātari.

Kōtaha o Nāianei vs. Kinematika Ngaru

Ko tētahi atu rerekētanga nui koKāore te totoro o te kōtaha o nāianei me te kinematics ngaru i te tukanga ā-tinana kotahi..

Mā te totoro o te ia e whakatau te mahere o te tere o te ia ki te rohe mākū inamata.

Ngā tikanga pēnei iTe totoro o te wirae pā ana ki te maimoatanga o te kinematics ngaru.

Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā ariā mahere teitei ōrite i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga rerekē, kaua e whakamāramatia aunoatia he tautuhinga pūmanawa ōrite, he whakatikatika ā-tinana ōrite rānei.

5. Me Whakakotahi ngā Tere o te Ngaru me te Ia hei Waehere

Kia whakatauhia te tere o ia rohe, ka taea te whakakotahi me te tere i puta mai i te ngaru.

Heoi, me whakakotahi ngā tere kia rite kingā wetetā, kaua ko te tāpiri noa i ō rātou rahi.

Hei tauira, i tētahi wā me tētahi wā motuhake:

• Te tere o te ngaru =3 m/s ki te rawhiti
• Te tere o te au =1 m/s ki te raki

Ko te tere whakapae hua ko:

U = √(3² + 1²) ≈ 3.16 m/s

Nō reira ehara i te 4 m/s.

Mena he hononga tahi te tere o te ngaru me te ia, ā, he rite tonu te ahunga, ka taea te tāpiri tika i ō rāua tere kua tohua.

Hei tauira:

3 m/s + 1 m/s = 4 m/s

Engari ki te rerekē ngā ahunga, me tāpiri te whārite.

6. Ko te Tere e Pā Ana mō tētahi Mema Hanganga te Wāhanga Noa

Mō ngā hanganga ngongo tai moana, ko tētahi atu whakaaro nui ko te ahunga o te kaha wai e pā ana ki te mema.

Ko te tere e whakamahia ana mō te wāhanga tōia me whai whakaaro whānuitia e pā ana ki tewāhanga o te rere noa ki te mema hanganga.

Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kaua te rahi o te tere taiao whānui e pā aunoa ki ia mema ngongo he piko, he rerekē rānei te ahunga.

Mō tētahi mema he aronga tūpono tōna:

1. Tātaihia te tere o te ngaru ā-rohe.
2. Tātaitia te tere o te ia o te rohe.
3. Whakakotahitia rātou ki roto i tētahi pūnaha taunga ōrite.
4. Whakatauhia te tere rere whanaunga.
5. Whakatauhia te tere ki roto i te wāhanga e ōrite ana ki te mema.
6. Whakamahia te whakatakotoranga waiora e tika ana.

Mena kei te neke te wāhanga hanganga tonu, me whai whakaaro anō hoki te rahinga e tika ana ki tete tere whanaunga i waenga i te wai me te mema.

7. He aha te rerekētanga i nui ai i roto i te kupu Morison Drag

Ka mārama ake te hiranga o te whakakotahi tika i ngā tere o te ngaru me te ia ina tirohia te whārite Morison.

Mō tētahi rango porowhita pumau e pāngia ana e te rere whakawhiti kotahi-ahu, ka taea te whakaatu i te kaha tō mō ia wae roa i roto i te āhua māmā penei:

Fᴅ = ½ ρ Cᴅ DU |U|

kei hea:

• Fᴅ= te kaha tō mō ia roa
• ρ= te mātotoru o te wai
• Kᴅ= tau tōia
• D= te whānui o te mema
• U= te tere rere whanaunga kua hainatia, he mea noa ki te mema

Ko te āhuatanga nui ko te kupu:

U |U|

Nō reira, he kore-rārangi te kaha tō e pā ana ki te tere.

8. Tauira: Ngā Kawenga Ngaru me te Au Motuhake vs. Te Tere Whakakotahi

Whakaarohia tētahi tauira māmā ake:

• Te tere o te ngaru =3 m/s
• Te tere o te au =1 m/s
• He kotahi te huarahi e mahi ai rāua

Mena ka tatauhia motuhaketia ngā kaha tōia o te ngaru me te ia, kātahi ka tāpirihia, ko ngā kupu tapawhā-tere ko:

3² + 1² = 10

Mena ka honoa ngā tere i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tatauhia te kaha tōia:

(3 + 1)² = 16

Ko te rerekētanga i ahu mai i te kupu whakawhiti:

2 × 3 × 1 = 6

Ngā uaraKo te 10 me te 16 he kupu tapawhā-tere, me ngā waeine m²/s². Ehara ēnei i te kaha i roto i te kN, ā, kāore e tohu ana i te kawenga waiora katoa mā rātou anō.

Mā tēnei tauira māmā e whakaatu te take:

Ko te tatau takitahi i te tōnga ngaru me te ia, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā hua, ehara i te mea rite tonu ki te tatau i te tōnga mai i te tere ā-rohe whakakotahi.

He tino hira te rerekētanga ina he nui te tere o te ngaru me te ia, ā, ina mahi tahi rāua.

9. He aha ngā mea ka tupu ina taupatupatu te ahunga o te ngaru me te au?

Ka pā anō te mātāpono kotahi ina taupatupatu te tere o te ngaru me te ia, engari me pupuri tonu te tere kua tohua.

Hei tauira:

• Te tere o te ngaru = +3 m/s
• Te tere o te au = −1 m/s

Ko te tere whakakotahi ko:

U = +3 − 1 = +2 m/s

Ko te kupu tōia tapawhā-tere e hangai ana i runga i:

U |U| = 2 × 2 = 4

E whakaatu ana tēnei he aha kāore i te tika te whakatau ko te tataunga motuhake ka hua ake he kawenga iti ake.

I runga i te ahunga me te āhua o te ngaru me te tere o te ia, ka rerekē pea te rahi me te ahunga o te rerekētanga.

10. Kei roto hoki i te Whārite Morison tētahi Wāhanga Ā-Inertia

Ko te tauira māmā i runga ake nei e arotahi ana ki te wāhanga tōia anake.

Kei roto hoki i te whakatakotoranga Morison katoa tētahite kupu ātete e pā ana ki te whakaterenga matūriki-wai.

Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakaatu i te kawenga waiora katoa o te ngaru-au mā te kī noa he rite te kawenga katoa ki te tere kua tapawhāhia.

Ko te wāhanga tōia te mea e whakaatu mārama ana i te pānga kore-raina, ko te wāhanga ātete ia me whakahaere i runga i te whakatakotoranga waiora me te kinematics ngaru e tika ana.

He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga ina whakamāramahia ngā hua o te tātari hanganga tai.

11. Te Taunekeneke o te Ngaru-Au i roto i te SACS: He aha ngā mea me tirotiro e ngā Kaihanga?

I te wā e whakatauira ana i ngā pānga o te ngaru me te iahiko i roto iNgā SACS, me titiro te kaihangarau ki tua atu i te ingoa o te pouaka kawenga.

He take kawenga e kiia nei ko"Ngaru + Ia"kāore i te whakaatu i a ia anō kua tika te whakatauira o te tukanga ā-tinana matua.

Me tirotiro i ētahi āhuatanga:

1. Tohutoro Taumata Wai

Kia tino tautuhia ngā mea e whai ake nei:

• Taumata wai mārire
• Taumata wai āwhā
• Te teitei o te ngaru
• Ngā teitei hanganga
• Ngā teiteitanga tohutoro kōtaha o nāianei

Ka hua ake pea i te koretake o te mahere iahiko te mahere poutū.

2. Te Totoro o te Kōtaha o Nāianei

Tirohia mēnā ko te kōtaha o nāianei:

• Kua totoro
• Kua Whakaroahia
• Kua whakaurua
• I whakarerekētia e tētahi atu panonitanga

Me rite te tikanga kua tīpakohia ki te tikanga hoahoa e tika ana.

3. Ngā Mahi Kinematika o te Ngaru

Tirohia me pēhea te whakaputa a te pūmanawa i te tere me te whakaterenga o te ngaru-matūriki.

Kaua te whakawhiti kōtaha-au me te totoro ngaru-kinematic e whakaarohia he tukanga kotahi tonu.

4. Te Aronga o te Ngaru-Au

Tirohia te koki whanaunga i waenga i te horapa o te ngaru me te ahunga o te ia.

Mō ngā āhuatanga ngaru me ngā āhuatanga iahiko kore-honohono, ka pā pea ngā wāhanga ahunga e rua ki te tātari.

5. Tere Noa o te Mema

Mō ia mema hanganga, manatokohia kei te whakamahia te wāhanga rere e tika ana e pā ana ki te aronga o te mema.

6. Tere Whakatairanga

Mena he mea nui te nekehanga hanganga, manatokohia mēnā kei te whakamahi te whakatakotoranga wai-ki-te-mema i te tere whanaunga wai-ki-te-mema e tika ana.

7. Ngā Wāhanga Tōia me te Āhuakore

Arotakehia ngā takoha motuhake a:

• Te kaha tōia
• Te kaha o te korenga o te kaha
• Te kaha wai katoa

Kaua e whakamāramatia te tauira tōia-anake hei tohu mō te kawenga Morison katoa.

12. Kaua e whakapoauautia te Wā Ngaru Āhua me te Tere o te Au

Ko tētahi atu take nui i roto i te tātaritanga tai moana ko te tere o ia au e whakamahia ana mō te whakatau tata.wā ngaru kitea.

Kāore te iahiko e whakamahia ana mō tēnei kaupapa e ōrite tonu ki te iahiko kua whakarerekētia kētia mō ngā aukati hanganga, ngā pānga ā-rohe rānei.

I raro i te tikanga API i kōrerotia i runga ake nei, me aromatawai te wā ngaru kitea mā te whakamahi i teia rere korekore e whakararuraruhia, kaua ki tētahi ia kua whakaitihia kētia e te aukati hanganga.

Mō ngā āhuatanga o te ngaru me te ia kore-honohono, he mea hāngai te wāhanga ia i te ahunga ngaru ki te whakatau tata i te wā-ngaru āhua.

I taua wā anō, ko te kōtaha o nāianei e whakamahia ana i roto i te tatau i te kawenga waiora ka hiahiatia pea he mahere kōtaha me te maimoatanga ahunga tika.

Nō reira:

Kaua te uara o nāianei i whakarerekētia mō tētahi kaupapa tātari e whakamahia anō mō ​​ia taahiraa tatau katoa.

13. Kāore te Taupokitanga Kawenga Hanganga i te Ōrite ki te Whakaputa Kawenga Taiao

He ariā nui i roto i te tātaritanga hanganga moana ko te rerekētanga i waenga ite whakaputa kawengamete taupatupatu urupare hanganga.

I raro i ngā āhuatanga hanganga rārangi e tika ana, ka taea te whakakotahi i ngā urupare hanganga.

Heoi, ehara tēnei i te kī ka taea te tatau motuhake i ngā kaha waiora taiao i whakaputa i aua urupare, kātahi ka tāpirihia mā te rārangi.

Hei tauira:

Tere ngaru + tere iahiko → tere whakakotahi ā-rohe → kaha wai → urupare hanganga

he rerekē rawa atu i:

Te kaha o te ngaru + te kaha o te au → te urupare hanganga

ina he kore-rārangi te kaha waiora e pā ana ki te tere.

He mea tino nui tēnei rerekētanga mō te uta tōia a Morison.

14. He Rerenga Mahi Whaihua mō te Tātari i te Utaina Ngaru-Au

Nō reira, ka taea te whakarāpopoto i tētahi tukanga mahi hangarau whai hua penei:

Hipanga 1 — Whakatūria te Taumata Wai

Tautuhia te taumata tohutoro wai mārire, wai ua rānei e tika ana, me te whakarite kia kotahi te raraunga mō ngā teiteitanga katoa.

Hipanga 2 — Tautuhia te Mata Ngaru

Tāutuhia te teitei o te ngaru inamata i te wāhi me te āhua e arotakengia ana.

Hipanga 3 — Maherehia te Kōtaha o Nāianei

Tātaihia te tere o te ia e pā ana ki te teiteitanga mākū inamata mā te whakamahi i te panonitanga kōtaha-ia e tika ana.

Hipanga 4 — Whakatauhia te Kinematika Ngaru

Tātaihia te tere me te whakaterenga i puta mai i te ngaru ā-rohe i te tauwāhi me te āhua kotahi.

Hipanga 5 — Whakakotahitia ngā Tere o te Ngaru me te Ia

Whakahaerehia te tāpiritanga whārite i roto i tētahi pūnaha taunga ōrite.

Hipanga 6 — Whakatauhia te Rere Whakawhanaunga

Whakaarohia te aronga o ngā mema, ā, ki te tika, te nekehanga hanganga.

Hipanga 7 — Tātaihia te Kaha Waiora

Tāpirihia te whakatakotoranga Morison e tika ana, te whakatakotoranga waiora rānei.

Hipanga 8 — Tirohia ngā Wāhanga Aronga

Manatokohia kua whakamahia ngā wāhanga tere noa me ngā wāhanga tere pātata tika mō ia wāhanga hanganga.

Hipanga 9 — Arotake i te Putanga SACS

Tirohia ngā whakapae matua me ngā rahinga putanga, kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā ingoa take kawenga.

Hipanga 10 — Whakamanahia ki te Paerewa e tika ana

Arotakehia ngā whakaritenga API e tika ana, ngā whakatakotoranga kaupapa, ngā tuhinga pūmanawa, me ngā whakapae tātari.

15. Ngā Whakaaro Matua

Ko te whakahaere tika i te kawenga ngaru me te ia he mea nuite raruraru kinematics wai i mua i tōna noho hei raruraru kawenga hanganga.

Ko ngā mātāpono matua ko:

• Me aromatawai i te tere o te ngaru me te ia i te wāhi me te wā kotahi.
• Me whakarerekē pea ngā kōtaha o nāianei ina rerekē te mata wātea inamata mai i te taumata wai tohutoro.
• Ka huri te tūnga tauira tere i te totoro o te kōtaha o nāianei; ehara i te mea he whakarea tere ōrite noa iho.
• Me whakakotahi ngā tere o te ngaru me te ia hei ngā kawe.
• He mea nui te tere noa o te hanganga mō te tōia a Morison.
• Me whai whakaaro ki te tere whanaunga o te wai ki te wāhanga ina he mea nui te nekehanga hanganga.
• He kore-rārangi te tōia a Morison nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te U|U|.
• Ko te tatau motuhake i te tōnga ngaru me te ia, me te tāpiri i ngā hua, kāore i te rite ki te tatau i te tōnga mai i te tere whakakotahi.
• Me whai whakaaro motuhake ki te kupu ātete a Morison, ā, kāore e whakaaturia ana e te tauira tere-tapawhā māmā.
• Kaua ngā uara o nāianei e whakamahia ana mō te whakatau tata-wā āhua e pohehe aunoa ki ngā uara o nāianei kua āraia, kua whakarerekētia rānei e whakamahia ana i ētahi atu wāhi.
• Kāore te taupatupatu urupare hanganga e kī ana ka taea tonu te whakaputa motuhake i ngā kawenga waiora taiao me te tāpiri rārangi.
• Kāore e ranea ngā ingoa take kawenga SACS anake hei manatoko i te tika ā-tinana o tētahi tātaritanga ia-ngaru.

Whakamutunga

Ko te take matua i roto i te whakakotahitanga o te kawenga ngaru-iahiko ehara i te mea ko te taea anake te tāpiri i ngā kaha e rua.

Ko te pātai tino taketake koia tēnei:

Kei te pēhea te neke haere o te wai i te taha o te hanganga i te tūranga kotahi, i te wā kotahi anō hoki?

Ka whakatau te totoro o te kōtaha o nāianeite wāhi e tika ana kia whiwhihia ai te tere o te iahiko.

Ka whakatau te huinga pūwerote taunekeneke a te tere o te ngaru me te ia.

Ka whakatauhia e te whārite Morisonte hurihanga o te nekehanga wai e puta mai ana hei kaha waiora.

He hononga ā-tinana ēnei kaupae, ā, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea te whakakapi mā te tāpiri noa i ngā hua kawenga taiao e rua kua tatauhia motuhake.

Mō te tātaritanga hanganga tai moana pono, me arotake e ngā kaihangarau te mekameka katoa:

Taumata wai → Kōtaha o ia au → Kinematika ngaru → Huinga tere ngaru-ia au → Tere whanaunga → Kaha wai → Tauhohenga hanganga

Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaratohia he pūtake ōrite ake mō te tātari i ngā hanganga ngongo tai moana e pāngia ana e te kawenga ngaru me te ia.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Ka taea te tāpiri noa i ngā kawenga ngaru me ngā kawenga iahiko?

Kāore i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa. Mō te uta tōia a Morison, me whakakotahi ngā tere o te ngaru me te ia i mua i te tatau i te tōia waiora nā te mea ka whakawhirinaki te kaha tōia ki te tere.

He aha te mea e pā ana ki te totoro o te kōtaha o nāianei?

Ko te totoro o te kōtaha o ia au he tikanga e hono ana i te kōtaha tere o ia au taketake ki te pou wai mākū inamata ina rerekē te teitei o te mata kore utu nā ngā ngaru.

Ko te tikanga o te totoro o te au ko te whakarea i te tere ki tētahi tauine?

Kāo. I te nuinga o te wā, ka huri te totoro i te teitei e puta ai te tere o te iahiko mai i te kōtaha taketake. Kaua e whakamāramatia he whakarea noa i ia tere ki tētahi tauwehe noa.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te kinematics ngaru me te totoro kōtaha-au?

E whakaahua ana te kinematiki ngaru i te tere me te whakaterenga e pā ana ki te nekehanga ngaru. Ka whakarerekē te totoro kōtaha-au i te āhua o te whakaaturanga o tētahi kōtaha au kua tohua i roto i te pou wai inamata. E pā ana ēnei ki ngā tukanga ā-tinana rerekē.

He aha i tino rerekē ai te kaha tōia a Morison ina honoa te ngaru me te ia?

Nā te mea ka whakawhirinaki te wā tō ki te tere whanaunga kua tohua mā U|U|. Nō reira, ka taea e te tere whakakotahi te whakaputa i ngā wā whakawhiti kāore e kitea ina tatauhia motuhaketia ngā kaha tō ngaru me te au.

He mea nui te ahunga o te ngaru me te ia?

Āe. Me whakaaro ngā tere o te ngaru me te ia hei ngā ara iahiko. Ka pāngia te tere e puta mai ana e tō rātou ahunga whanaunga, ā, ka pāngia hoki te kaha waiora.

Me whakamahi rānei te tere katoa o te wai mō ia wāhanga hanganga?

Kāore rawa. Mō ngā mema ngongo angiangi, ko te tere noa o te mema he mea nui ki te tōia whakawhiti. Nō reira, me whai whakaaro ki te aronga o te mema.

Ka taea e SACS te whakahaere aunoa i te taunekeneke ngaru me te au?

Ko te whakahaere tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te putanga SACS, ngā tautuhinga tātari, ngā whakamāramatanga whakauru, me te tikanga kua tohua. Me manatoko e ngā kaihangarau ngā tuhinga pūmanawa me ngā putanga e tika ana, kaua e whakawhirinaki noa ki te ingoa o tētahi take kawenga.

He rite tonu te huinga o te kawenga ngaru-au ki te taupatupatu kawenga hanganga?

Kāo. Ka taea te whakataurite i te urupare hanganga i raro i ngā whakaaro raina tika, engari ka taea te kore-raina te whakaputanga kaha waiora. Nō reira, me whakaaro ko te whakaputanga kawenga taiao me te whakataurite urupare hanganga he ariā motuhake.