Kulemera kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati katundu awiri odziyimira pawokha omwe amawerengedwa padera kenako n’kuwonjezedwa pamodzi.Mu kusanthula kapangidwe kake ka nyanja, njira yolondola ndiyo kudziwa kaye kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndi tinthu ta m'deralo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mafunde ndi mafunde pamalo omwewo ndi nthawi yomweyo, kuphatikiza zigawo zawo za liwiro mu dongosolo logwirizana, kenako kuwerengera mphamvu ya hydrodynamic yomwe imabwera.

Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pa nyumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zimakumana ndi mafunde akuluakulu, mafunde amphamvu, ndi ma profiles ovuta a mafunde. Kungakhudze kwambiri mphamvu yokoka yowerengedwa, makamaka pamene equation ya Morison ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ziwalo zoonda za tubular.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo za uinjiniya zomwe zili kumbuyo kwakuyanjana kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kutambasula mbiri yamagetsi, kuphatikiza velocity vector, mphamvu yokoka ya Morison, ndi chitsanzo cha mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mu SACS.

1. Chifukwa Chake Mafunde ndi Katundu Wamphamvu Sizingawonjezedwe Mwachindunji Nthawi Zonse

Njira yodziwika bwino yowunikira kapangidwe ka nyanja ndi kuwerengera katundu wa mafunde ndi katundu wamagetsi padera kenako ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimachokera pamodzi.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yeniyeni ya hydrodynamic imayikidwa pa kapangidwe kake.

Funso lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti:

Kodi liwiro lenileni la madzi kuzungulira chiwalo chomangira pamalo omwewo komanso nthawi yomweyo ndi lotani?

Liwiro loyambitsidwa ndi mafunde ndi liwiro lamakono zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, liwiro la madzi am'deralo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kaye mwa kuphatikiza ma vector awo a liwiro. Liwiro lomwe limatsatira limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mphamvu ya hydrodynamic.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwagawo la kukoka la equation ya Morison, chifukwa mphamvu yokoka imagwirizana ndi sikweya ya liwiro loyerekeza.

Chifukwa chake:

Kuphatikiza liwiro la chilengedwe choyamba kenako kuwerengera mphamvu ya hydrodynamic nthawi zambiri sikufanana ndi kuwerengera mphamvu za mafunde ndi zamakono padera ndikuwonjezera zotsatira pambuyo pake.

2. Kodi Madzi Ochokera Kuti Pamwamba pa Madzi Osagwedezeka?

Taganizirani nyumba ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe ili pamalo pomwe mphepo yamkuntho imachitika:

• Mulingo wa madzi osagwedezeka umatanthauzidwa kutiz = 0
• Kuzama kwa madzi ndi80 m
• Mbiri yamagetsi yolowera imafotokozedwa mpaka kufika pamlingo wamadzi osagwedezeka
• Chigwa cha mafunde chimafikaη = +8 m

Pamene mafunde adutsa kapangidwe kake, malo omasuka nthawi yomweyo amakwera kufika pa +8 m.

Chiwalo chomanga chomwe chili kuz = +4 mchoncho imamizidwa kwakanthawi.

Koma mbiri yoyambirira yamagetsi sipereka mwachindunji liwiro lamagetsi pa +4 m chifukwa mbiri yoyambirirayo idangofotokozedwa mpaka pamlingo wamadzi osagwedezeka.

Vuto la uinjiniya silikutsimikiza momwe zinthu zilili panopapamwamba pa phiri la mafundeM'malo mwake, ndi kudziwa liwiro lamakono m'derali lomwe ndi:

pamwamba pa mulingo wa madzi osagwedezeka koma pansi pa pamwamba pa mafunde a nthawi yomweyo.

Njira imodzi yopangira zinthu ndikusintha mbiri yamagetsi malinga ndi kukwera kwa malo omasuka nthawi yomweyo. Mbiri yamagetsi imatambasulidwa bwino kapena kuponderezedwa kuti:

• Zotsalira za pansi pa nyanja zomwe zimagwirizana ndi pansi pa nyanja
• Malo ozungulira mafunde nthawi yomweyo akugwirizana ndi malire apamwamba a mbiri yoyambirira ya pano

Izi zimapereka kugawa kwa liwiro la mphamvu nthawi zonse m'dera lonse lonyowa nthawi yomweyo.

3. Kutambasula Mbiri Yanu Panopa: Kujambula Mapu a Kukwera Kwanuko

Kutambasula kwa mbiri yapano sikuyenera kutanthauzidwa ngati kungochulukitsa liwiro lililonse lamakono ndi chinthu choyezera.

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndilembani kukwera kwa kapangidwe kamene kali pano ndi kukwera kofanana komwe kuli mu mbiri yoyambirira ya pano, kenako tengani liwiro lamagetsi kuchokera pamalo omwe ali pa mapuwo.

Kuti njira yophweka yotambasula mzere ikhale yosavuta, ubalewu ukhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

z' = -d + (z + d) × d / (d + η)

komwe:

• d= kuya kwa madzi amkuntho
• η= kukwera kwa mafunde nthawi yomweyo
• z= kukwera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo omangidwa
• z'= kukwera komwe kwawonetsedwa mu mbiri yoyambirira yapano

Njira yofanana yowunikira yoyima iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito paz, z' ndi η, ndi mfundo zabwino zokwera.

Mwachitsanzo, tangoganizani:

• Kuzama kwa madzi:d = 80 m
• Kukwera kwa mafunde:η = +8 m

Mapu akhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti liwiro lamakono paz = +4 mimapezeka poyesa mbiri yoyambirira yomwe ilipo pafupifupiz' = −3.64 m.

Chitsanzo cha Kutanthauzira kwa Liwiro Lamakono

Tiyerekeze kuti mbiri yoyambirira yomwe ilipo pano ili ndi:

• Liwiro lamakono pa z = 0 m:1.5 m/s
• Liwiro lamakono pa z = −20 m:1.2 m/s

Ngati kulowetsa mzere kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, liwiro lopangidwa pa mapu pafupifupi −3.64 m lingapezeke kuchokera ku mfundo ziwirizi.

Mfundo yofunika ndi iyi:

Kutambasula kumasintha malo omwe liwiro la mphamvu limachokera. Sikuti kungochulukitsa liwiro lonse la mphamvu ndi 88/80.

Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri potanthauzira kusintha kwa mbiri yapano mu kusanthula kwa hydrodynamic yakunja.

4. Kutambasula Mbiri Yamakono Yolunjika vs. Yopanda Mzere

Kutambasula mbiri ya munthu pakali pano sikungokhudza njira imodzi yokha ya masamu.

API RP 2A-WSD, Kope la 22, Gawo 5.3.1.2.6imazindikira kutambasula kosakhala kolunjika ngati njira yomwe imakondedwa malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi muyezo, komanso ikukambirana njira zoyerekeza za makhalidwe enaake a current-profile.

Pa slab yokhuthala kwambiri yokhala ndi kufalikira kofanana kwa liwiro, kutambasula kosavuta koyima kungapereke kuyandikira koyenera kwa kutambasula kosakhala kwa mzere.

Kwa mitundu ina ya ma profiles amakono,Kutambasula mzere kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yoyerekeza yaukadaulo, kutengera mikhalidwe yoyenera ndi njira yowunikira.

Chifukwa chake, mfundo ziwiri ziyenera kupewedwa:

• Sikoyenera kuganiza kuti mbiri iliyonse yomwe ilipo pano ingangowonjezedwa mmwamba popanda kuganizira.
• Sikoyeneranso kuganiza kuti kutambasula mzere sikuvomerezeka konsekonse.

Kusankha kuyenera kutengera mawonekedwe a mbiri yomwe ilipo, muyezo woyenera wa kapangidwe, ndi zofunikira pakusanthula.

Mbiri Yamakono vs. Wave Kinematics

Kusiyana kwina kofunikira ndi kwakutiKutambasula kwa mbiri yapano ndi mafunde si njira yofanana yakuthupi.

Kutambasula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumatsimikiza momwe liwiro lamagetsi limafotokozedwera m'dera lomwe lanyowa nthawi yomweyo.

Njira mongaKutambasula mawilozimagwirizana ndi chithandizo cha mafunde a kinematics.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo zofanana zokonzera mapu a kukwera kwa malo zitha kuwoneka m'njira zosiyanasiyana, siziyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati pulogalamu yofanana kapena kukonza komweko.

5. Mafunde ndi Mphamvu ya Mphepo Ziyenera Kuphatikizana Ngati Ma Vector

Liwiro la mphamvu ya m'deralo likadziwika, likhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi liwiro loyambitsidwa ndi mafunde.

Komabe, liwiro liyenera kuphatikizidwa ngatimavekitala, m'malo mongowonjezera kukula kwawo.

Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi inayake:

• Liwiro la mafunde =3 m/s kum'mawa
• Liwiro lamakono =1 m/s kumpoto

Liwiro lopingasa lomwe limatsatira ndi:

U = √(3² + 1²) ≈ 3.16 m/s

Chifukwa chake si 4 m/s.

Ngati mafunde ndi mafunde amagetsi ali ofanana ndipo ali mbali imodzi, mafunde awo osainidwa akhoza kuwonjezedwa mwachindunji.

Mwachitsanzo:

3 m/s + 1 m/s = 4 m/s

Koma malangizo akasiyana, kuwonjezera ma vekitala kumafunika.

6. Liwiro Loyenera la Chiwalo cha Kapangidwe Ndilo Gawo Labwinobwino

Pa zomangamanga za machubu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chinthu china chofunikira kuganizira ndi komwe mphamvu ya hydrodynamic imayendera poyerekeza ndi chiwalocho.

Liwiro lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo la kukoka liyenera kuganiziridwa poganizira zagawo la kuyenda kwabwinobwino kwa chiwalo chomangira.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa liwiro lonse la chilengedwe sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa chiwalo chilichonse chozungulira kapena cholunjika mosiyana.

Kwa membala amene ali ndi malingaliro olakwika:

1. Dziwani liwiro la mafunde am'deralo.
2. Dziwani liwiro la mphamvu yamagetsi yapafupi.
3. Phatikizani mu dongosolo logwirizana logwirizana.
4. Dziwani liwiro la kuyenda kwa madzi.
5. Konzani liwiro kukhala gawo lachizolowezi kwa membala.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera ya hydrodynamic.

Ngati chiwalo chomangiracho chikusuntha, kuchuluka koyenera kuyeneranso kuwerengeraliwiro pakati pa madzi ndi chiwalo.

7. Chifukwa Chake Kusiyana Kumakhala Kofunika Kwambiri mu Morison Drag Term

Kufunika kophatikiza bwino liwiro la mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kumamveka bwino pofufuza equation ya Morison.

Pa silinda yozungulira yokhazikika yomwe ili ndi kayendedwe kozungulira ka mbali imodzi, mphamvu yokoka pa unit kutalika ikhoza kufotokozedwa m'njira yosavuta motere:

Fᴅ = ½ ρ Cᴅ DU |U|

komwe:

• Fᴅ= mphamvu yokoka pa unit level
• ρ= kuchuluka kwa madzi
• Cᴅ= kokwanira kukoka
• D= m'mimba mwake wa chiwalo
• U= liwiro lofanana ndi la chiwalo chogwirizana ndi chiwalocho

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi mawu akuti:

U |U|

Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yokoka siili yolunjika poyerekeza ndi liwiro.

8. Chitsanzo: Mafunde Osiyana ndi Katundu wa Mphepo Poyerekeza ndi Liwiro Lophatikizana

Taganizirani chitsanzo chosavuta pamene:

• Liwiro la mafunde =3 m/s
• Liwiro lamakono =1 m/s
• Onse awiri amachita zinthu mofanana

Ngati mphamvu zokokera mafunde ndi mphamvu zamphamvu zawerengedwa padera kenako nkuwonjezedwa, mawu a liwiro ndi sikweya ndi awa:

3² + 1² = 10

Ngati liwiro layamba kuphatikizidwa ndipo mphamvu yokoka imawerengedwa:

(3 + 1)² = 16

Kusiyanaku kumachokera ku mawu oti mtanda:

2 × 3 × 1 = 6

Makhalidwe abwino10 ndi 16 ndi mawu oyerekeza liwiro, ndi mayunitsi a m²/s². Si mphamvu mu kN ndipo siziyimira katundu wonse wa hydrodynamic okha.

Chitsanzo chosavuta ichi chikusonyeza chifukwa chake:

Kuwerengera kukoka kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi padera kenako ndikuwonjezera zotsatira nthawi zambiri sikufanana ndi kuwerengera kukoka kuchokera ku liwiro lophatikizana lapafupi.

Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pamene liwiro la mafunde ndi lamakono ndi lalikulu ndipo limachita zinthu mofanana.

9. Kodi Chimachitika N’chiyani Mafunde ndi Zamakono Zikachita Zinthu Mosiyana?

Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito pamene mafunde ndi mafunde akuyenda mbali zosiyana, koma liwiro lovomerezeka liyenera kusungidwa.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Liwiro la mafunde = +3 m/s
• Liwiro lamakono = −1 m/s

Liwiro lophatikizana ndi:

U = +3 − 1 = +2 m/s

Mawu ofanana ndi a velocity-squared drag amachokera pa:

U |U| = 2 × 2 = 4

Izi zikusonyeza chifukwa chake sikolondola kunena kuti kuwerengera kosiyana nthawi zonse kumabweretsa katundu wochepa.

Kutengera ndi komwe mafunde ndi liwiro la mafunde ndi mphamvu zake zimayendera, kusiyana kwake kumatha kusintha kukula ndi komwe kumayendera.

10. Morison Equation Imaphatikizanso ndi Inertia Term

Chitsanzo chosavuta chomwe chili pamwambapa chimayang'ana kwambiri gawo lokokera.

Fomu yonse ya Morison ilinso ndimawu akuti inertia omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Chifukwa chake, katundu wathunthu wa hydrodynamic wa mafunde sungayimilidwe pongonena kuti katundu wonsewo ndi wofanana ndi liwiro lozungulira.

Gawo la kukoka limasonyeza bwino kwambiri zotsatira zake zosakhala za mzere, pomwe gawo la inertia liyenera kuthandizidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a hydrodynamic ndi ma wave kinematics.

Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri potanthauzira zotsatira za kusanthula kapangidwe ka zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

11. Kuyanjana kwa Wave-Current mu SACS: Kodi Mainjiniya Ayenera Kuyang'ana Chiyani?

Potengera zotsatira za mafunde ndi zamakono muSACS, mainjiniya ayenera kuyang'ana kupitirira dzina la chikwama chonyamulira katundu.

Chikwama chonyamula katundu chotchedwa"Mafunde + Mphepo"Sizitsimikizira zokha kuti njira yoyambira yakuthupi yapangidwa bwino.

Zinthu zingapo ziyenera kufufuzidwa:

1. Chiyerekezo cha Mulingo wa Madzi

Onetsetsani kuti zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa bwino:

• Madzi osagwedezeka
• Madzi a mvula yamkuntho
• Kukwera kwa mafunde
• Malo okwera a kapangidwe ka nyumba
• Kukwera kwa ma reference a mbiri yanu yamakono

Kusasinthasintha kwa malo olunjika kungayambitse mapu olakwika amakono.

2. Kutambasula Mbiri Yanu Panopa

Chongani ngati mbiri yomwe ilipo pano ndi iyi:

• Yotambasulidwa
• Yowonjezera
• Zophatikizidwa
• Yasinthidwa ndi kusintha kwina

Njira yosankhidwa iyenera kugwirizana ndi njira yoyenera yopangira.

3. Mafunde a Mafunde

Onani momwe pulogalamuyo imapangira liwiro la mafunde ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kufulumira.

Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe amakono ndi kutambasula kwa mafunde sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati njira yomweyo.

4. Malangizo a Mafunde ndi Mafunde

Chongani ngodya yoyerekeza pakati pa kufalikira kwa mafunde ndi komwe magetsi akupita.

Pa mikhalidwe ya mafunde osalumikizana ndi mafunde ndi mafunde amakono, zigawo zonse ziwiri zolunjika zingakhudze kusanthula.

5. Liwiro Labwinobwino la Membala

Pa chiwalo chilichonse chomangidwa, onetsetsani kuti chiwalo choyenera choyendera poyerekeza ndi momwe chiwalocho chikugwirira ntchito chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

6. Liwiro Loyerekeza

Ngati kayendedwe ka kapangidwe kake n'kofunikira, onetsetsani ngati kapangidwe ka hydrodynamic kamagwiritsa ntchito liwiro loyenera la madzi ndi gawo.

7. Kokani ndi Zigawo Zopanda Mphamvu

Unikani zopereka zosiyana za:

• Kokani mphamvu
• Mphamvu ya inertia
• Mphamvu yonse ya hydrodynamic

Musatanthauze chitsanzo cha kukoka kokha ngati chikuyimira katundu wonse wa Morison.

12. Nthawi Yooneka ya Mafunde ndi Kuthamanga kwa Mafunde Siziyenera Kusokonezedwa

Nkhani ina yofunika kwambiri pakusanthula kwa nyanja ndi liwiro lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesanthawi yowonekera ya mafunde.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi si yofanana kwenikweni ndi mtengo wamagetsi womwe wasinthidwa kale kuti ukhale wotsekeka kapena zotsatira zake zakomweko.

Motsatira njira ya API yomwe takambirana pamwambapa, nthawi yowonekera ya mafunde iyenera kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchitomadzi osasunthika opanda phokoso, m'malo mwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe yachepetsedwa kale ndi kutsekeka kwa kapangidwe kake.

Pa mafunde osazungulira komanso momwe zinthu zilili panopa, gawo lamakono lomwe lili m'mbali mwa mafunde ndilofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kwa nthawi ya mafunde.

Nthawi yomweyo, mbiri yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwerengera katundu wa hydrodynamic ingafunike mapu oyenera a mbiriyo ndi njira yowongolera.

Chifukwa chake:

Mtengo wamakono wosinthidwa pa cholinga chimodzi chowunikira suyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pa gawo lina lililonse lowerengera.

13. Kukhazikitsa Katundu Wopangidwa ndi Kapangidwe Sikofanana ndi Kupanga Katundu Wopangidwa ndi Kapangidwe ka Zinthu Zachilengedwe

Lingaliro lofunikira kwambiri pakusanthula kapangidwe ka nyanja ndi kusiyana pakati pakupanga katundundikapangidwe ka mayankho.

Pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera ya kapangidwe ka mzere, mayankho a kapangidwe kake akhoza kusinthidwa.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mphamvu za hydrodynamic zachilengedwe zomwe zinapanga mayankho amenewo nthawi zonse zimatha kuwerengedwa paokha kenako nkuwonjezedwa molunjika.

Mwachitsanzo:

Liwiro la mafunde + liwiro lamakono → liwiro lophatikizana lapafupi → mphamvu ya hydrodynamic → yankho la kapangidwe

ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi:

Mphamvu ya mafunde + mphamvu yamagetsi → kapangidwe kake

pamene mphamvu ya hydrodynamic yokha siili yolunjika pankhani ya liwiro.

Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kukweza kwa Morison.

14. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yowunikira Katundu wa Mafunde ndi Mphamvu

Chifukwa chake, njira yogwirira ntchito yaukadaulo yothandiza ikhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:

Gawo 1 — Khazikitsani Mlingo wa Madzi

Fotokozani mulingo woyenera wa madzi osasunthika kapena madzi amkuntho ndipo onetsetsani kuti malo onse okwera amagwiritsa ntchito datum yofanana.

Gawo 2 — Tanthauzirani Malo Ozungulira Mafunde

Dziwani kukwera kwa mafunde nthawi yomweyo pamalo ndi gawo lomwe likuyesedwa.

Gawo 3 — Matani Mbiri Yapano

Dziwani liwiro lamagetsi lomwe likugwirizana ndi kukwera kwamadzi komwe kwanyowa nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mawonekedwe amagetsi.

Gawo 4 — Dziwani Mafunde a Kinematics

Werengerani liwiro ndi kufulumira kwa mafunde komwe kumachitika m'deralo pamalo ndi gawo lomwelo.

Gawo 5 — Phatikizani Mafunde ndi Mafunde a Mphepo

Chitani kuwonjezera kwa vector mu dongosolo logwirizana logwirizana.

Gawo 6 — Dziwani Kuyenda Kogwirizana

Ganizirani za momwe mamembala amatsogolerera komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Gawo 7 — Kuwerengera Mphamvu ya Hydrodynamic

Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera ya Morison kapena njira ina ya hydrodynamic.

Gawo 8 — Yang'anani Zigawo Zotsogolera

Onetsetsani kuti zigawo zoyenera za liwiro la normal ndi tangential zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiwalo chilichonse chomangira.

Gawo 9 — Unikaninso zotsatira za SACS

Chongani zomwe mukuganiza komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zatuluka m'malo mongodalira mayina a load-case okha.

Gawo 10 — Tsimikizani Mogwirizana ndi Muyezo Woyenera

Unikani zofunikira za API, mafotokozedwe a polojekiti, zolemba za mapulogalamu, ndi malingaliro owunikira.

15. Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

Kusamalira bwino mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndikofunikira kwambirivuto la maji-kinematics lisanakhale vuto la kapangidwe kake.

Mfundo zazikulu ndi izi:

• Mafunde ndi liwiro la mafunde ziyenera kuyesedwa pamalo ndi nthawi yomweyo.
• Ma profiles omwe alipo pano angafunike kusinthidwa pamene malo omasuka nthawi yomweyo akusiyana ndi mulingo wa madzi ofunikira.
• Kutambasula kwa mbiri yamagetsi pakali pano kumasintha malo owerengera liwiro; sikuti ndi chinthu chongochulukitsa liwiro lofanana.
• Mafunde ndi liwiro la mphamvu ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ngati mavekitala.
• Chigawo cha liwiro chomwe chili chachibadwa kwa membala womangidwa ndi chofunikira pa kukoka kwa Morison.
• Liwiro la madzi ndi chiwalo liyenera kuganiziridwa ngati kayendedwe ka kapangidwe kake kali kofunikira.
• Morison drag si yolunjika chifukwa imadalira U|U|.
• Kuwerengera kukoka kwa mafunde ndi mphamvu padera ndikuwonjezera zotsatira nthawi zambiri sikufanana ndi kuwerengera kukoka kuchokera ku liwiro lophatikizana.
• Mawu akuti Morison inertia amafunika kuganiziridwa mosiyana ndipo sakuimiridwa ndi chitsanzo chosavuta cha velocity-squared.
• Mitengo yamakono yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa nthawi yeniyeni siyenera kusokonezedwa yokha ndi mitengo yamakono yotsekedwa kapena yosinthidwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwina.
• Kuyang'ana kwa kapangidwe kake sikutanthauza kuti katundu wa hydrodynamic wa chilengedwe nthawi zonse ukhoza kupangidwa wokha ndikuwonjezedwa molunjika.
• Mayina a SACS okha ndi omwe sakwanira kutsimikizira kulondola kwa kusanthula kwa mafunde.

Mapeto

Vuto lalikulu pakuphatikiza mphamvu ya mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi si kungofuna kuonjezera mphamvu ziwiri.

Funso lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti:

Kodi madzi amayenda bwanji mozungulira chiwalo cha kapangidwe kake pamalo omwewo komanso nthawi yomweyo?

Kutambasula kwa mawonekedwe apano kumatsimikizakomwe liwiro lamakono liyenera kupezeka.

Kuphatikiza kwa mavekitala kumatsimikizamomwe mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimagwirira ntchito.

Equation ya Morison imatsimikiziramomwe kayendedwe ka madzi komwe kamachokera kamasandutsidwira kukhala mphamvu ya hydrodynamic.

Masitepe awa ndi ogwirizana mwakuthupi ndipo, kawirikawiri, sangasinthidwe pongowonjezera zotsatira ziwiri zowerengera zamphamvu zachilengedwe.

Kuti apeze kusanthula kodalirika kwa kapangidwe ka nyanja, mainjiniya ayenera kuwunikanso unyolo wonse:

Mlingo wa madzi → Mbiri ya pano → Mafunde → Kusakanikirana kwa liwiro la mafunde → Kuthamanga kwa membala wogwirizana → Mphamvu ya hydrodynamic → Yankho la kapangidwe kake

Njira imeneyi imapereka maziko ogwirizana kwambiri pakufufuza kapangidwe ka machubu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mafunde ndi mphamvu yogwirizana.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zingawonjezedwe pamodzi?

Osati nthawi zonse. Pakukweza kwa Morison, liwiro la mafunde ndi lamagetsi nthawi zambiri liyenera kuphatikizidwa musanawerengere kukoka kwa hydrodynamic chifukwa mphamvu yokoka imadalira osati mzere pa liwiro.

Kodi kutambasula mbiri yanu panopa n'chiyani?

Kutambasula mawonekedwe amakono ndi njira yofotokozera liwiro la mphamvu yamagetsi yoyambirira kupita ku mzere wamadzi wonyowa nthawi yomweyo pamene kukwera kwa malo omasuka kumasintha chifukwa cha mafunde.

Kodi kutambasula kwa mphamvu kumatanthauza kuchulukitsa liwiro ndi chinthu choyezera?

Ayi. Kawirikawiri, kutambasula kumasintha kukwera komwe liwiro lamakono limachokera ku mbiri yoyambirira. Sikuyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kungochulukitsa liwiro lililonse ndi chinthu chofanana.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa mafunde ndi ma current-profile stretching ndi kotani?

Mafunde a mafunde amafotokoza liwiro ndi kuthamanga komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka mafunde. Kutambasula kwa mawonekedwe amagetsi kumasintha momwe mawonekedwe amagetsi enaake amaimiridwa mkati mwa mzere wamadzi womwe umatuluka nthawi yomweyo. Amakhudzana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi.

Nchifukwa chiyani mphamvu yokoka ya Morison imasintha kwambiri pamene mafunde ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ziphatikizidwa?

Chifukwa nthawi yokokera imadalira liwiro lodziwika bwino kudzera mu U|U|. Chifukwa chake, liwiro lophatikizana limatha kupanga mawu ophatikizana omwe sapezeka pamene mphamvu zokokera za mafunde ndi zamakono zimawerengedwa paokha.

Kodi njira ya mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yofunika?

Inde. Mafunde ndi liwiro la mafunde ziyenera kuonedwa ngati ma vector. Kuwongolera kwawo kumakhudza liwiro lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha mafunde komanso mphamvu ya hydrodynamic.

Kodi liwiro lonse la madzi liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiwalo chilichonse cha nyumbayo?

Sizofunikira kwenikweni. Kwa ziwalo zoonda, gawo la liwiro labwinobwino la ziwalo ndilofunika kwambiri pakukoka kopingasa. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a ziwalo ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Kodi SACS ingathe kuthana ndi mafunde ndi mafunde okha?

Chithandizo chenichenicho chimadalira mtundu wa SACS, makonda owunikira, matanthauzidwe olowera, ndi njira yosankhidwa. Mainjiniya ayenera kutsimikizira zolemba zoyenera za mapulogalamu ndi zotuluka m'malo mongodalira dzina la bokosi lonyamula katundu.

Kodi kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ya mafunde ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kofanana ndi kuyika kwa mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake?

Ayi. Yankho la kapangidwe ka zinthu likhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi malingaliro oyenera a mzere, koma kupanga mphamvu ya hydrodynamic kungakhale kosagwirizana ndi mzere. Chifukwa chake, kupanga katundu wa chilengedwe ndi kupanga yankho la kapangidwe ka zinthu kuyenera kuonedwa ngati mfundo zosiyana.