Ko ngā āhuatanga taiao moana ko te matawhenua moana, te wai moana, te whenua moana me te ahupūngao whenua, te ahupūngao moana, te matū moana, te koiora moana, me ētahi atu. Kei roto i ēnei ko ngā āhuatanga maha-ahu pēnei i te hononga moana-hau me te āhuarangi o raro (pēnei i ngā kapua, te ua, te kohu, te pēhanga hau, te pāmahana, me ētahi atu), te mata moana (pēnei ihau, ngaru, hukapapa, ngaru nui, rehu tote, hihi o te rā, pāmahana, tote, tai,me ētahi atu), i raro i te wai (pērā ingaru ā-roto, tohanga, ngā werawera, ngā hongere oro, te mātotoru, te kawe hiko, te hohonutanga, me ētahi atu) me te papa moana (pērā i te matawhenua, te āhua whenua, te papa aukume, te papa kaha ā-papa, me ētahi atu).

Te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Taputapu Pūoko Taiao Moana

Kua hangaia ngā taputapu tirotiro taiao moana hei tiki i ngā mōhiohio taiao moana, arā, ko ngā taputapu tirotiro, rangahau, aroturuki, me te mahere moana. Kei roto ko ngā momo pūoko, ngā kaikohi, ngā tukatuka, me ngā tūāpapa tirotiro ātea, ā-rangi, ā-uta, me te moana (mata me raro i te wai) e whakamahia ana ēnei.

He whānuitia ngā momo taputapu tirotiro taiao moana. Ina whakarōpūtia e ngā āhuatanga taiao, ka taea te wehewehe ki te pāmahana, te tote, te hohonu, ngā ngaru, ngā ia, ngā tai, te hau, te oro, me te papa aukume, me ētahi atu. Ina whakarōpūtia e ngā pūoko, ka taea te wehewehe ki te oro, te whatu, te hiko, te wera, me te aukume, me ētahi atu. Ina whakarōpūtia e ngā mātāpono hanganga, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā taputapu oro, ngā taputapu whatu, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā taputapu mīhini, me ngā taputapu rongo mamao me te telemetry, me ētahi atu. Ina whakarōpūtia e ngā kaikawe rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā taputapu kaipuke, ngā taputapu ruku, ngā taputapu pōito, ngā taputapu teihana takutai, ngā taputapu rererangi me te amiorangi, me ētahi atu. Ina inehia e ngā tūemi, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā taputapu ine pāmahana, ngā taputapu ine tote, ngā taputapu ine ngaru, ngā taputapu ine ia, ngā taputapu tote matūkai, ngā taputapu taumaha me te kaha aukume, ngā taputapu kimi paru raro, ngā taputapu plankton me ngā rauropi benthic, me ētahi atu.

E whā ngā wāhanga matua o ngā taputapu tirotiro taiao moana, arā, ngā taputapu tirotiro āhuatanga ā-tinana o te moana, ngā taputapu tirotiro āhuatanga matū o te moana, ngā taputapu tirotiro koiora moana, me ngā taputapu tirotiro whenua me te ā-whenua o te moana. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā taputapu tirotiro moana mō ngā kaipuke te nuinga o ngā momo. E ai ki ā rātou tikanga whakahaere, ka taea te wehewehe anō ki ngā momo ka taea te pau, te whakahoki-ā-koe, te whakairi, me te tōia. Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu pau mā te tuku i ō rātou wāhanga pūoko ki te moana, ā, ka tukuna ngā raraunga ka tirohia ki te kaipuke mā roto i ngā waea, i ngā ngaru reo irirangi rānei. Kāore ngā pūoko e tangohia i muri i te whakamahinga. Ka totohu ngā taputapu whakahoki-ā-koe ki te moana i te wā e tirotirohia ana, ā, i muri i te otinga o te mahi ine, te mahi tauira rānei, ka tangohia e rātou te taumaha ka hoki ki te mata o te moana mā roto i tō rātou ake pūmau. Ka tukuna ngā taputapu whakairi ki te moana mai i te taha o te kaipuke e te pūma wini o te kaipuke, ā, ka whakamahia mō te tirotiro i te wā e tau ana te kaipuke, e mānu ana rānei. Ka whakanohoia ngā taputapu tōia ki te moana mai i te kei o te kaipuke, ka tōia ki muri i te kaipuke hei tirotiro haere.

He maha ngā āhuatanga ōrite o ngā taputapu mō te tirotiro moana, te rangahau, te aroturuki me te mahere whenua, e pā ana ki ngā momo taputapu, ngā huānga ine, ngā tikanga whakahaere, te tukatuka raraunga me ngā hua tono. Heoi, he rerekē ngā kaupapa tono me ngā whakaritenga mō ngā hua, nō reira he uaua ki te whakarite i ngā whakarōpūtanga motuhake. Hei tauira, ka taea e te waka rangahau moana te mahi hei tūāpapa whakahaere mō te rangahau moana, hei tūāpapa whakahaere hoki mō te aroturuki me te mahere moana; ko tētahi atu tauira ko te Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), he kawenga tirotiro mō te rangahau moana me te aroturuki moana, ā, ina whakamahia i roto i te whakamahere i ngā kaupapa hanga tauranga moana, ka noho hei kawenga tirotiro mō te mahere moana.

Kei roto i ngā taputapu tirotiro moana ngā tūāpapa moana maha pērā i ngā amiorangi mō te tirotiro mamao, ngā waka rererangi kore-kaimahi, ngā waka rere ngaru, ngā waka rere raro i te wai, ngā waka raro i te wai motuhake (AUV), ngā waka ruku kore-kaimahi e whakahaeretia ana mai i tawhiti, ngā poti kore-kaimahi mata, ngā pūnaha papa moana, ngā kaipuke rangahau moana,ngā pōito moana, ngā whatunga tirotiro moana wā-tūturu, tae atu ki ngā kawenga, ngā pūoko rānei pērā i te oroNgā kaikōtaha au Doppler (ADCP), ngā mita kaukau maha-hiku, ngā sonar whakatuwheratanga hangai (SAS), ngā taputapu hohonutanga pāmahana-tote (CTD), ngā mita aukume moana, ngā sonar matawai-taha, ngā mita taumaha moana, ngā pūnaha ru whenua kotahi-hongere, ngā mita rere wera papa moana, ngā pūnaha tūnga oro raro wai, ngā mahanga paru, ngā pūnaha sonar toru-ahu, ngā mita taumata wai, me ngā taputapu whakatere inertia raro wai.