Ibintu bikikije inyanja bigizwe n'ubumenyi bw'ikirere cyo mu nyanja, ubumenyi bw'amazi yo mu nyanja, ubumenyi bw'ubutaka bwo mu nyanja na geofiziki, fiziki yo mu nyanja, shimi yo mu nyanja, ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja, n'ibindi. Birimo ibintu bifite imiterere myinshi nk'aho inyanja n'ikirere cyo hasi (nk'ibicu, imvura, igihu, umuvuduko w'ikirere, ubushyuhe, nibindi), ubuso bw'inyanja (nk'ukoumuyaga, imiraba, urubura, inkubi y'umuyaga, umunyu uterwa n'imirasire y'izuba, ubushyuhe, umunyu, amazi y'inyanja,n'ibindi), munsi y'amazi (nk'ukoimiraba y'imbere, imiyoboro y'amazi, thermoclines, imiyoboro y'amajwi, ubucucike, ubwiyongere bw'amazi, ubujyakuzimu, n'ibindi) hamwe n'inyanja (nk'ubutaka, imiterere y'isi, imbaraga za rukuruzi, imbaraga za rukuruzi, n'ibindi).

Urutonde rw'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibidukikije byo mu mazi

Ibikoresho byo kureba ibidukikije byo mu mazi byagenewe kubona amakuru ku bidukikije byo mu mazi, ari na byo dukunze kwita ibikoresho byo kureba, gukora iperereza, gukurikirana no gushushanya. Birimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kugenzura, gukusanya, gutunganya, hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kureba ibidukikije bihoraho n'ibigendanwa, bishingiye ku kirere, ku nkombe, no ku nyanja (ku buso no munsi y'amazi) bikorerwamo.

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo kumenya ibidukikije byo mu mazi. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibintu bidukikije, bishobora kugabanywamo ubushyuhe, umunyu, ubujyakuzimu, imiraba, imigezi, amazi, umuyaga, ijwi, n'imbaraga za rukuruzi, nibindi. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibyuma bipima, bishobora kugabanywamo amajwi, optique, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, na rukuruzi, nibindi. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe amahame y'imiterere, bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bya acoustic, optique, electronic, mechanical, n'ibikoresho byo kureba kure na telemetry, nibindi. Bishyizwe mu byiciro n'ibikoresho bitandukanye bitwara, bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byo mu bwato, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu mazi, ibikoresho byo mu bwato, ibikoresho byo mu bwato, ibikoresho byo mu bwato, ibikoresho byo ku nkombe, ibikoresho byo mu ndege na satelite, nibindi. Bishyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibintu byapimwe, bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho byo gupima ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo gupima umunyu, ibikoresho byo gupima umuraba, ibikoresho byo gupima umuvuduko w'amazi, ibikoresho byo gupima umunyu w'intungamubiri, ibikoresho by'imbaraga rukuruzi na rukuruzi, ibikoresho byo gupima ubusitani, ibikoresho bya plankton na benthic organisms, nibindi.

Ibikoresho byo kureba ibidukikije byo mu mazi bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bine by'ingenzi, ari byo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura imitungo yo mu mazi, ibikoresho byo kugenzura imitungo ya chimique yo mu mazi, ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imiterere y'inyanja n'ubutaka. Muri byo, ibikoresho byo kugenzura inyanja ku bwato bifite ubwoko bwinshi. Dukurikije uburyo bikoreshwa, bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa, ibyo kwisubiza ubwabyo, ibyo guhagarikwa, n'ibyo gukururwa. Ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa bikoreshwa mu kujugunya ibice byabyo by'ibikoresho mu nyanja, kandi amakuru yabonetse yoherezwa ku bwato binyuze mu nsinga cyangwa mu miraba ya radiyo. Ibyo bikoresho ntibiboneka nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Ibikoresho byo kwisubiza byinjira mu nyanja mu gihe cyo kwitegereza, kandi nyuma yo kurangiza akazi ko gupima cyangwa gufata ingero, bikuraho icyuma gifunga amazi kigasubira ku nyanja binyuze mu kuguruka kwabyo. Ibikoresho bimanitse byoherezwa mu nyanja bivuye ku ruhande rw'ubwato binyuze mu gitutu cy'icyuma cy'ubwato kandi bikoreshwa mu kwitegereza iyo ubwato buhambiriye cyangwa butemba. Ibikoresho bikururwa bishyirwa mu nyanja bivuye inyuma y'ubwato hanyuma bigakururwa inyuma y'ubwato kugira ngo bikomeze kwitegereza.

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura inyanja, gukora iperereza, gukurikirana no gushushanya amakarita bisangiye ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano mu buryo bw'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho, ibintu byo gupima, uburyo bwo gukora, gutunganya amakuru n'ibisubizo byo gukoresha. Ariko, intego zabyo n'ibisabwa ku bisubizo biratandukanye, bityo akenshi biragoye gushyira mu byiciro byihariye. Urugero, ubwato bukora ubushakashatsi ku nyanja bushobora gukoreshwa nk'urubuga rwo gukora iperereza ku nyanja n'urubuga rwo gukora iperereza ku nyanja; urundi rugero ni Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), ikaba ari umutwaro wo gukurikirana ubushakashatsi ku nyanja no gukurikirana inyanja, kandi iyo ikoreshejwe mu gutegura imishinga yo kubaka ikigo cy'inyanja, iba umutwaro wo gukurikirana ikarita ku nyanja.

Ibikoresho byo kumenya inyanja birimo urubuga rutandukanye rwo mu nyanja nka satelite zo kumenya kure, indege zitagira abapilote, indege zitwara umuraba, indege zitwara umuraba munsi y'amazi, indege zitwara umuraba zigenga munsi y'amazi (AUVs), indege zitwara umuraba zigenzurwa kure, ubwato butagira abapilote hejuru, sisitemu zo mu mazi, amato yo mu nyanja,amato yo mu nyanja, imiyoboro yo kureba mu gihe nyacyo mu nyanja, kimwe n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura imizigo cyangwa ibikoresho nk'amajwiAbapima ubushyuhe bwa Doppler (ADCP), ibikoresho byo koga bifite imirasire myinshi, sonar y’ubushyuhe bw’ubukonje (SAS), ibikoresho byo gupima ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe (CTD), magnetometer z’inyanja, sonar zipima uruhande, gravimeter z’inyanja, sisitemu imwe y’imitingito, ibipimo by’ubushyuhe munsi y’inyanja, sisitemu zo gushyira mu mwanya w’amazi, imitego y’amazi, sisitemu ya sonar ifite imiterere itatu, ibipimo by’amazi, n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura munsi y’amazi.