ʻO nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni kai e pili ana i ka meteorology kai, ka hydrology kai, ka geology kai a me ka geophysics, ka physics kai, ka kemika kai, ka biology kai, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokomo pū lākou i nā mea multi-dimensional e like me ka pilina kai-ea a me ka lewa haʻahaʻa (e like me nā ao, ka ua, ka noe, ke kaomi ea, ka mahana, a pēlā aku), ka ʻilikai (e like memakani, nalu, hau, ʻino, pīpī paʻakai, kukuna lā, mahana, paʻakai, kai,a pēlā aku), ma lalo o ka wai (e like menā nalu kūloko, ke kaʻapuni ʻana, nā thermocline, nā kahawai kani, ka nui, ka conductivity, ka hohonu, a pēlā aku) a me ka papa kai (e like me ka geology, geomorphology, magnetic field, umekaumaha field, a pēlā aku).

Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Lako Hana ʻIke Kaiapuni Moana

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā lako ʻike kaiapuni kai e loaʻa ka ʻike kaiapuni kai, ʻo ia ka mea a mākou e kapa pinepine ai he lako nānā kai, noiʻi, nānā ʻana, a me nā lako palapala ʻāina. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia me nā ʻano mea ʻike like ʻole, nā mea hōʻiliʻili, nā mea hana, a me nā kahua nānā like ʻole e pili ana i ka lewa paʻa a me ke kaʻa, ea, kahakai, a me ke kai (ʻilikai a me lalo o ka wai) a lākou e lawe ʻia nei.

Nui nā ʻano mea ʻike kaiapuni kai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea kaiapuni, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mahana, ka paʻakai, ka hohonu, nā nalu, nā au, nā kai, ka makani, ke kani, a me ke kahua magnetic, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea ʻike, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka acoustic, optical, electrical, thermal, a me magnetic, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā loina kūkulu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea kani acoustic, nā mea hana optical, nā mea uila, nā mea hana mechanical, a me nā mea ʻike mamao a me nā mea hana telemetry, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea lawe like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea hana moku, nā mea hana submersible, nā mea hana buoy, nā mea hana kahua kahakai, nā mea hana mokulele a me nā ukali, a pēlā aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea i ana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea hana ana wela, nā mea hana ana paʻakai, nā mea hana ana nalu, nā mea hana ana o kēia manawa, nā mea hana paʻakai meaʻai, nā mea hana umekaumaha a me ka ikaika magnetic, nā mea hana ʻike sediment lalo, plankton a me nā mea hana o nā meaola benthic, a pēlā aku.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lako ʻike kaiapuni kai i ʻehā mau māhele nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea hana nānā waiwai kino kai, nā mea hana nānā waiwai kemika kai, nā mea hana nānā olaola kai, a me nā mea hana nānā geological a me geophysical kai. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā mea hana nānā kai no nā moku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole. Wahi a kā lākou ʻano hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia i nā ʻano hoʻopau, hoʻihoʻi ponoʻī, hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a me ke kauō ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana hoʻopau ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻāpana sensor i loko o ke kai, a hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili i ʻike ʻia i ka moku ma o nā uea a i ʻole nā ​​​​nalu lekiō. ʻAʻole kiʻi ʻia nā sensor ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana. Pīhoi nā mea hana hoʻihoʻi ponoʻī i loko o ke kai i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, a ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ana a i ʻole ka hana laʻana, wehe lākou i ka ballast a hoʻi i ka ʻili kai ma o kā lākou lana ponoʻī. Hoʻouna ʻia nā mea hana kauō i loko o ke kai mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka moku e ka boom winch o ka moku a hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka wā e heleuma ai ka moku a lana paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana kauō i loko o ke kai mai ka hope o ka moku a kauō ʻia ma hope o ka moku no ka nānā ʻana.

He nui nā hiʻohiʻona like o nā lako no ka nānā ʻana i ke kai, ka noiʻi ʻana, ka nānā ʻana a me ka palapala ʻāina e pili ana i nā ʻano mea hana, nā mea ana, nā ʻano hana, ka hana ʻikepili a me nā hopena noi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā kumu noi a me nā koi no nā hopena, no laila he mea paʻakikī ke hana i nā hoʻokaʻawale kikoʻī. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi moku ana moana ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kahua hana no ka noiʻi moana a me kahi kahua hana no ka nānā ʻana a me ka palapala ʻāina moana; ʻo kekahi laʻana ʻo ia ka Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), he ukana nānā no ka noiʻi moana a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kai, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā papahana kūkulu kikowaena moana, lilo ia i ukana nānā no ka palapala ʻāina moana.

ʻO nā lako ʻike moana e komo pū ana me nā kahua moana like ʻole e like me nā satelite no ka ʻike mamao, nā mokulele unmanned, nā mea holo nalu, nā mea holo wai ma lalo o ka wai, nā kaʻa wai kūʻokoʻa (AUV), nā moku hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻole i hoʻokele mamao ʻia, nā waʻa ʻauamo ʻole, nā ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka papa kai, nā moku anamanaʻo moana,nā boogi moana, nā pūnaewele nānā moana manawa maoli, a me nā ukana a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻike e like me ke kani leoNā mea hoʻopili o kēia au Doppler (ADCP), nā mika ʻauʻau kukuna maha, ka sonar puka synthetic (SAS), nā mea hana hohonu-paʻakai (CTD), nā magnetometer moana, nā sonars scan ʻaoʻao, nā mika gravity moana, nā ʻōnaehana seismic hoʻokahi kahawai, nā mika kahe wela o ka papahele kai, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho leo acoustic ma lalo o ka wai, nā pahele sediment, nā ʻōnaehana sonar ʻekolu-dimensional, nā mika pae wai, a me nā lako hoʻokele inertial ma lalo o ka wai.